贮藏时间对皮、裸燕麦种子萌发及细胞学结构的影响  

Effects of seed storage time on seed germination and cytological structure of covered oats and naked oats

作　　者：姚瑞瑞 刘欢[1] 赵桂琴[1] 王敬龙 王绮玉 董凯 张然 YAO Rui-rui;LIU Huan;ZHAO Gui-qin;WANG Jing-ong;WANG Qi-yu;DONG Kai;ZHANG Ran(Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Pratacultural Science,Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第2期154-163,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：草业生态系统教育部重点实验室开放课题(KLGE-2022-16);甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA824);西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202201ZY0014N);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-07-C-1);甘肃省教育科技创新项目“优秀研究生创新之星”(2021CXZX-346)资助。

摘　　要：为探究贮藏时间对皮、裸燕麦种子萌发特性和细胞组织结构的影响,本试验以皮燕麦‘陇燕3号’种子和裸燕麦‘白燕2号’种子为材料,研究两种不同燕麦种质种子经贮藏2、4、6和8年后,种子发芽指数、活力指数、芽长、根长和电导率的变化情况,并采用石蜡切片法和透射电镜法制片,观察比较贮藏时间对皮、裸燕麦种子解剖结构及种胚细胞和线粒体超微结构的变化规律及差异。结果表明:在贮藏过程中,2个燕麦种质种子发芽指数、活力指数均有所下降,电导率升高,与‘白燕2号’相比,‘陇燕3号’种子活力变化更稳定。随着老化程度加深,燕麦种子解剖结构发生变化,糊粉层细胞水解,老化燕麦种子种胚细胞与线粒体超微结构受到严重损伤,表现为:种胚细胞内脂肪体出现降解现象;线粒体的结构发生损坏、出现空泡化并解体;细胞核结构不清,核仁消失,核边缘皱缩,染色质浓缩。This research investigated the effects of seed storage time on the germination characteristics and cell organization structure of the covered oat variety‘Longyan No.3’and the naked oat variety‘Baiyan No.2’.The changes in germination index,viability index,shoot length,root length and electrical conductivity of two different oat germplasm lines after storage for 2,4,6 and 8 years were studied.Paraffin sectioning methods and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe and compare the changes with time and varietal differences in covered and naked oat seed anatomical structure,seed embryonic cell organization and mitochondrial ultrastructure and changes with storage time.It was found that with increase in storage time,the germination index,seed viability index and vitality of both oat germplasm lines decreased,while the electrical conductivity of seeds increased.The seed viability of‘Longyan No.3’was more stable than that of‘Baiyan No.2’.The anatomical structure of aged oat seeds changed,and the cells of the paste layer were hydrolyzed,the ultrastructure of embryo cells and mitochondria in aged oat seeds was seriously damaged.The main changes observed were that the fat bodies in seed embryo cells were degraded;The structure of mitochondria was damaged,vacuolated and disintegrated.The nucleus structure was unclear and the chromatin was concentrated,nucleoli had disappeared,and nuclear edges were wrinkled.

关 键 词：贮藏时间 种子活力 解剖结构 超微结构 

分 类 号：S544.9[农业科学—作物学]