二审和解不履行的实体后果与程序应对  

Substantive Consequences and Procedural Responses to the Non-performance of the Settlement in the Second Instance of Trial

作　　者：金印 Jin Yin

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2024年第1期219-240,共22页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“民事实体法与程序法相互作用研究”(项目编号:19CFX058)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：根据最高人民法院指导案例2号,一方不履行和解协议,另一方有权要求法院执行一审判决。只有在约束双方的实体法律关系正是一审判决项下的实体法律关系的条件下,该规则才具有实体基础。一方不履行和解协议时,若存在不同的实体基础,则需要与最高人民法院指导案例2号不同的规则调整二审和解不履行。最高人民法院指导案例2号以及与之不同的规则的实体基础即二审和解不履行的实体后果,后者在体系上属于违约责任问题,当事人的意思自治具有优先地位。若不存在当事人的特别约定,则需要适用任意性规定确定违约责任的具体内容,亦即一方不履行和解协议,约束双方的既不是原始争议实体法律关系,亦不是一审判决项下的实体法律关系,而仍是和解协议项下的实体法律关系。由于二审和解不履行的实体后果存在多样性,一方不履行和解协议时,除去最高人民法院指导案例2号确立的执行一审判决的规则,还需要不予执行一审判决、另行诉讼等规则共同调整二审和解不履行。According to Guiding Case No.2,if one party fails to perform a settlement,the other party can enforce the first-instance judgment.This rule has a substantive basis only when the relationship binding both parties aligns with the one under the first-instance judgment.In cases where a different substantive basis arises,different rules are needed to regulate the non-performance of the second-instance settlement.The substantive basis relied upon by Guiding Case No.2 and the differing rules constitute the substantive consequences of the non-performance of the settlement.The latter,from a systematic perspective,falls under the issue of breach of contract,where private autonomy takes the advantage.In the absence of specific agreements,the specific content of the breach of contract needs to be determined by applying default rules.This means that when one party fails to perform a settlement,what binds both parties is neither the original substantive legal relationship in dispute nor the relationship under the first-instance judgment.Rather it remains the substantive legal relationship under the settlement.Due to the diversity of the substantive basis,in addition to the rules established by Guiding Case No.2,rules such as not enforcing the first-instance judgment and initiating a new action are needed.

关 键 词：和解 撤回上诉 意思自治 不当执行 债务人异议之诉 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]