脱萼剂对“浙梨6号”果实品质与着果率的影响  

Effects of Calyx Removal Agents on Fruit Quality and Fruit Setting Rate of Zheli No.6 Pear

作　　者：曾少敏[1] 黄新忠[1] 陈小明[1] 胡宁三[1] 黄保平 姜翠翠[1] ZENG Shaomin;HUANG Xinzhong;CHEN Xiaoming;HU Ningsan;HUANG Baoping;JIANG Cuicui(Fruit Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Centre for Engineering Technology of Fujian Deciduous Fruits,Fuzhou,Fujian,350013,China;Jianning County Economic Crop Technology Extension Station,Jianning,Fujian,354500,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院果树研究所/福建省落叶果树工程技术研究中心,福州350013 [2]建宁县经济作物技术推广站,福建建宁354500

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第1期197-201,206,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：福建省星火计划项目(2020S0025);福建省公益类科研院所专项(2020R10280015);泉州市科技计划项目(2022N028);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-28-35)资助。

摘　　要：针对“浙梨6号”因部分萼片宿存或残存、果顶尖凸等而影响果实品相问题,选择PBO、氟硅唑、丙环唑3种脱萼剂,以清水为对照进行试验。结果表明:与对照相比,3种脱萼剂处理果实的脱萼率提高23.27~26.01百分点,果顶尖凸率降低24.55~26.44百分点,扁圆果占比、单果质量、可溶性固形物含量分别增加33.19~37.66百分点、37.9~57.1 g和0.68~0.94百分点,但果实偏斜度、全锈果率分别偏高0.54~0.74和18.36~19.23百分点,端正果率、着果率分别下降15.89~21.07和5.43~6.62百分点,差异达显著或极显著水平。上述3种脱萼剂分别选择4000、333.3、444.4 mg·L^(-1)和花序分离期进行喷施,在保证脱萼防凸效果的同时,可有效降低对着果率及果形端正度等的不利影响。In order to solve the problem of fruit appearance of Zheli No.6 affected by persistent or remnant calyxes and fruit apex convexity,three kinds of calyx removal agents,PBO,flusilazole and propiconazole,were selected for treatment with water as the control.The result showed that compared with control,the calyx removal rate of the fruits treated with the three calyx removal agents increased by 23.27%-26.01%,and the top convex rate decreased by 24.55%-26.44%.The proportion of oblate fruit,single fruit weight and total soluble solids content increased by 33.19%-37.66%,37.9-57.1 g and 0.68%-0.94%,respectively,but the degree of fruit oblique and full rust fruit rate were higher by 0.54%-0.74%and 18.36%-19.23%.The regular fruit rate and fruit setting rate decreased by 15.89%-21.07%and 5.43%-6.62%,and the differences were significant or extremely significant.Spraying calyx removal agents of 4000 mg·L^(-1),333.3 mg·L^(-1)and 444.4 mg·L^(-1)during the inflorescence separation period could effectively reduce the adverse effects on fruit setting rate and degree fruit oblique,while ensuring the effect of preventing calyx and convex.

关 键 词：梨 脱萼剂 尖凸率 偏斜度 可溶性固形物 着果率 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]