身体视角下我国产前超声检查中胎儿健康信息传播的伦理探析  

Ethical Analysis of Dissemination of Fetal Health Information During Prenatal Ultrasound Examinations from a Bodily Perspective in China

作　　者：张琨[1] 李嘉硕 ZHANG Kun(School of Health Humanities,Peking University,Beijing,100191)

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学人文学院,北京100191 [2]同济大学法学院,上海200092

出　　处：《医学与社会》2024年第2期110-117,共8页Medicine and Society

基　　金：2021年教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“人类辅助生殖技术的法律规制研究”,编号为21JZD032。

摘　　要：产前超声检查中胎儿的身体状态被设备数据化与图像可视化,这使得“身体”既成为传播的主体,也成为被呈现的客体对象。因此,产前超声检查不只是简单的医学检查过程,它还可以被解释为胎儿健康信息在各主体、不同阶段实践下的传播过程,这尚未引起学界的充分关注。以身体为视角,揭示该过程中可能出现的伦理问题并提出相应对策,以期为数字时代下的产前超声检查和胎儿利益保护提供镜鉴。研究发现,产前超声检查中健康信息的传播过程涉及医务人员、患者、信息处理者等多方主体,这在传播意义、传播内容、传播媒介和传播主体上与胎儿密切关联。产前超声检查中的胎儿健康信息具有与敏感个人信息等价的特殊性。这会引发前置的操作黑箱、解读偏差与误导决策、技术干预与情感连结以及主体不确定与隐私泄露等系列伦理问题。为此,应当关注信息的产生和收集环节、规范医疗文书的文本格式、注重媒介的情感连结作用和提升对敏感个人信息的治理能力。Prenatal ultrasound examinations transform the fetal body's condition into digital data and visual images,making the"body"both the communicator and the object of presentation.Therefore,prenatal ultrasound examinations are not just a simple medical procedure,but can also be seen as a process of disseminating information about fetal health among various stakeholders at different stages.This aspect has not received sufficient attention in academia.This study aims to take a bodily perspective to uncover potential ethical issues in this process and propose corresponding strategies,with the hope of providing valuable insights for prenatal ultrasound examinations and the protection of fetal interests in the digital age.The research reveals that the dissemination of health information during prenatal ultrasound examinations involves multiple parties,including healthcare professionals,patients,clinical physicians,information processors,and more.It is closely related to the fetus in terms of the meaning of communication,the content of communication,the communication medium,and the communicating parties.Health information about the fetus during prenatal ultrasound examinations holds a particular status equivalent to sensitive personal information.This can give rise to a series of ethical issues,such as preconceived operation black boxes,interpretational biases leading to misleading decisions,technological interventions with emotional connections,as well as subject uncertainty and privacy breaches.Therefore,attention should be given to the stages of information generation and collection,the standardization of textual formats in medical records,the emotional bonding role of media,and the enhancement of governance capacity for sensitive personal information.

关 键 词：医学伦理 健康 信息传播 产前超声检查 胎儿 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]