附着龈增宽临床研究现状  

Clinical Research Status of Attached Gingival Widening

作　　者：景雪琴 苗辉 JING Xueqin;MIAO Hui(State Key Laboratory of O-ral Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Shanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases,Department of Periodontology,School of Stoma-tology,The Fourth Military Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China.)

机构地区：[1]口颌系统重建与再生全国重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,陕西省口腔疾病国际联合研究中心,第四军医大学口腔医院牙周病科,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《口腔医学研究》2024年第2期97-102,共6页Journal of Oral Science Research

基　　金：国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心2022年专项课题B类项目(编号:LCB202208);空军军医大学(原第四军医大学)临床研究项目(编号:2022LC2240)。

摘　　要：附着龈与游离龈相连续,均为角化上皮,两者合称为角化龈。附着龈紧紧附于牙槽骨,质地坚韧,抵抗力强,对于牙周健康具有重要意义。在临床上,附着龈不足或者缺失会造成一系列问题,如咀嚼过程中龈缘受到摩擦或肌肉牵引后与牙面分离,从而导致食物残渣等进入龈沟,造成牙周破坏;此外,在修复体、种植体边缘会导致患者咀嚼过程中出现疼痛;对于可摘局部义齿而言,还会影响义齿设计和患者佩戴,影响患者生活质量。可见,附着龈不足或缺失已成为牙周、修复、种植等多学科共同面临的问题。针对其治疗,目前涉及的方法主要有自体软组织移植和生物替代材料两大类。本综述旨在探讨各种附着龈增宽治疗方式的特点,为临床工作提供理论依据,为进一步研究提供参考。Attached gingiva and free gingiva are continuous,both of which are keratinized epithelium,and they are collectively called keratinized gingiva.Attached gingival is tightly attached to alveolar bone,tough texture,strong resistance,and has important significance for periodontal health.Clinically,insufficient or missing attached gingival may cause a series of problems.For example,during chewing,the gingival margin is separated from the dental surface after being rubbed or pulled by muscles,which leads to food residues entering the gingival sulci and causing periodontal destruction.In addition,the edge of the prosthesis and implant will cause pain during mastication.For removable partial denture,it will also affect denture design and patient wearing,and affect the quality of patients life.It can be seen that the deficiency or absence of attached gingival has become a common problem faced by periodontal,prosthesis,implant and other disciplines.For its treatment,there are two main types of methods:autologous soft tissue transplantation and biological replacement materials.The purpose of this review is to explore the characteristics of various therapeutic modalities,provide theoretical basis for clinical work,and provide reference for further research.

关 键 词：附着龈 游离龈移植 结缔组织瓣移植 脱细胞真皮基质 胶原基质膜 

分 类 号：R781.4[医药卫生—口腔医学]