构网型变流器:物理本质与特征  

Grid-forming Converters:Physical Mechanism and Characteristics

作　　者：迟永宁 江炳蔚 胡家兵[2] 林伟芳 刘宏志 范译文 马士聪 姚骏[3] CHI Yongning;JIANG Bingwei;HU Jiabing;LIN Weifang;LIU Hongzhi;FAN Yiwen;MA Shicong;YAO Jun(China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing 100192,China;School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technolo-gy,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电力科学研究院有限公司,北京100192 [2]华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院,武汉430074 [3]输变电装备技术全国重点实验室(重庆大学),重庆400044

出　　处：《高电压技术》2024年第2期590-604,共15页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-国家电网公司智能电网联合基金(U1966208)。

摘　　要：全球能源产业变革促进了电力系统电力电子化转型,以新能源为主体的电力电子化电力系统中同步机占比低,系统呈现低惯量、弱阻尼特征,引发了一系列运行问题。构网型变流器本质为电压源,能够主动构建电压频率,为系统提供惯量支撑,有利于改善系统稳定性,是提高新能源主动支撑能力的有效手段,近年来成为研究热点。该文从电力电子化电力系统的运行问题出发,梳理了下垂控制、虚拟同步机控制等典型构网型控制策略的实现原理及内在联系,建立构网型控制策略的统一数学模型;通过类比稳态条件下同步机与构网型变流器的电压频率构建原理,揭示了构网型变流器的物理本质,从电压频率构建、惯量阻尼支撑、同步机制等角度解释了构网型变流器的内涵与特性,可为构网型变流器的稳定与控制提供理论参考。The evolution of global energy industry has promoted the transformation of power electronics in the power system.The proportion of synchronous machines in renewable-rich power system is low,and the system shows low iner-tia and weak damping characteristics,causing a series of operational issues.The grid-forming converter is a voltage source in essence,which can actively construct voltage frequency,provide inertia for the system,consequently,improve system stability.It is an effective means to improve the power ability of new energy and has become a research hotspot in recent years.Starting from the operational issues of renewable-rich power system,this article summarizes the implemen-tation principles and internal connections of grid-forming control strategies such as droop control and virtual synchronous generator control,and establishes a unified mathematical model for grid-forming strategies;by comparing the voltage and frequency construction principles of synchronous generator and grid-forming converters under steady-state conditions,the physical essence of grid-forming converters is revealed.The characteristics of grid-forming converters are explained from the perspectives of voltage and frequency construction,inertia damping support,synchronization mechanism,etc.,providing theoretical reference for the stability and control of grid-forming converters.

关 键 词：构网型控制 新能源并网 变流器 物理本质 电压频率构建 稳定控制 电力电子化电力系统 

分 类 号：TM46[电气工程—电器]