无花果叶提取液复合保鲜膜的研制及其在甜瓜保鲜上的应用  

Development of composite plastic film of extract from Ficus carica leaves and the cling film application in keeping melon fresh

作　　者：姚军 秦勇[2] 郑贺云[1] 张翠环 再吐娜·买买提 汪志伟 耿新丽 YAO Jun;QIN Yong;ZHENG Heyun;ZHANG Cuihuan;Zaituna Maimaiti;WANG Zhiwei;GEN Xinli(Research Institute of Grapes and Melons of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Shanshan Xinjiang 838200,China;College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善838200 [2]新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第1期118-126,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01A118);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-25);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本业务经费项目(KY2022108);新疆西甜瓜产业技术体系(XJARS-06)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究一种无毒安全、绿色环保、廉价易得的植物源抑菌材料,并在甜瓜贮藏与保鲜中应用,为无花果叶提取液复合保鲜膜在甜瓜上的应用提供参考。【方法】优化具有抑菌效果的植物源材料无花果叶提取液的提取工艺,采用响应面法优化乙醇浓度、超声时间、料液比并分析对无花果叶提取液总黄酮取得率的影响。采用十字交叉法测定提取液对甜瓜采后主要病原菌镰刀菌、链格孢的抑菌效果,并将无花果叶提取剂与被膜剂海藻酸钠,抗氧化剂柠檬酸,助剂蔗糖酯进行复合,采用正交法优化各制剂对贮藏期甜瓜腐烂率和失重率的影响。【结果】获得无花果叶提取液的最佳提取工艺参数:乙醇体积百分比为79.73%、超声时间为36.81 min、料液比为1∶24。无花果叶提取液复合膜保鲜剂的最佳组成配方为80 mg/mL无花果提取液+1.5%海藻酸钠+500 mg/L柠檬酸+0.5%蔗糖酯。【结论】无花果叶提取液在抑制甜瓜采后主要病原真菌上效果显著,无花果叶提取液复合保鲜膜在减少甜瓜贮藏期腐烂率和失重率降低上效果明显,可作为甜瓜贮藏保鲜的新型绿色的植物源保鲜材料运用于甜瓜生产中。【Objective】To explore a non-toxic,safe,green,cheap and easy to obtain plant bacteriostatic material for storage and preservation of melon,and development of composite plastic film of extract from Ficus carica leaves and the cling film application in keeping melon fresh.【Methods】In this study,the extraction process of Ficus carica leaf extract with antibacterial effect was optimized.Response surface methodology was used to optimize the effects of ethanol concentration,ultrasonic time and solid-liquid ratio on the total flavonoids yield of Ficus carica leaf extract.The cross method was used to determine the antibacterial effect of the extract on fusarium and Alternaria of melon.The extraction agent of Ficus carica leaf was combined with membrane agent sodium alginate,antioxidant citric acid and sucrose ester,and the effects of each preparation on the decay rate and weight loss rate of melon during storage were optimized by orthogonal method.【Results】The optimal extraction parameters of Ficus carica leaf were as follows:ethanol concentration 79.73%,ultrasonic time 36.81 min,solid-liquid ratio 1∶24.Through range and variance analysis,the optimal composition of composite cling film for Ficus carica leaf extract of melon was determined as follows:80 mg/mL Ficus carica extract+1.5%sodium alginate+500 mg/L citric acid+0.5%sucrose ester.【Conclusion】Ficus carica leaf extract has a significant effect on inhibiting the main postharvest pathogenic fungi of melon,while Ficus carica leaf extract compound cling film has a significant effect on reducing the decay and weight loss rate of melon,so it can be used as a new green,healthy and low-value plant-derived fresh material for melon storage and preservation.

关 键 词：无花果叶 响应面法 复合保鲜膜 甜瓜 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]