道德视域下的婚姻——探析康德基于人性尊严的婚姻学说  

Marriage from the Perspective of Morality--a Discussion on Kant's Theory of Marriage Based on Human Dignity

作　　者：张大卫 Zhang Dawei(School of Marxism,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学马克思主义学院,上海201620

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期154-165,共12页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：上海市浦江人才计划“黑格尔对康德‘法治国’思想的批判研究”(项目批准号:2019PJC040);国家社科基金重大项目“《康德词典》翻译及译名数据库建设”(项目批准号:19ZDA032)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：康德的婚姻学说因其对男女性关系的论述而被不少学者贴上“粗鲁”、“不体面”等标签。这些学者并未理解康德关注“性”这一主题背后所蕴藏的真正哲学动机。在康德看来,若要揭示婚姻的“实在本质”,则必须从人之固有的、不变的本性出发来探讨婚姻。基于此,康德认为婚姻的实在本质不是生养后代,也不是爱情,而是在不压抑自然性欲望的条件下,保留人性尊严。虽然康德强调婚姻的这一道德维度,但是他在婚姻问题上并不因此就是一位死板严苛的道德主义者;相反,他重视“爱情”、“献殷勤”等与婚姻相关的感性因素的重要性。因为在他看来,这些感性因素可以作为一种必要的道德劝勉,鼓励人从“性之爱”走向一种“人之爱”,从而学着去尊重他人的人性尊严。Kant's theory of marriage was labeled"rude"and"indecent"by many scholars because of its discussion of the sexual intercourse.These scholars do not understand the real philosophical motivation behind the theme of sex.In Kant's view,if we want to reveal the"real essence"of marriage,we must start from the inherent and unchanging nature of human beings to explore marriage.Based on this,Kant believes that the real essence of marriage is not to bear and educate offspring,nor to love,but to preserve human dignity without suppressing natural desires.Although Kant emphasizes this moral dimension of marriage,he is not therefore a rigid moralist on the issue of marriage;on the contrary,he attaches importance to sensual factors related to marriage such as love,gallantry etc..Because in his view,these factors can be used as a necessary moral exhortation to encourage people to move from the sexual love to the human love,so as to learn to respect the human dignity of others.

关 键 词：婚姻 人性尊严 性欲望 爱情 道德劝勉 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]