人的形而上学:论内格尔主客观结构的基础  

Human Metaphysics:On the Basis of Nagel's Subjective and Objective Structure

作　　者：王春池 Wang Chunchi

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院哲学系

出　　处：《理论界》2024年第1期38-44,共7页Theory Horizon

摘　　要：内格尔的主观—客观结构是他本人具有独创性的一种思维工具,但他并未对这一结构进行清晰且系统的说明,也没有对此结构的基础进行过多着墨。尝试对其主客观结构进行清晰简略的论述并对这一结构的基础给出符合内格尔思想的重构性阐释,仍然存在必要性和一定空间。在内格尔这里,人类作为理性的具有肉体性的存在者,一方面,限于自身生物属性、特殊性限制,看待与评价世界会从特定的角度出发(而得出一些“主观的”观点);另一方面,人类本性中固有的超然反思能力又使得个体能够不断对前反思的承诺进行批判性检验,超脱原有特殊性与偶然性而追求某种理性统一(得出一些“客观的”观点)。这种寻求统一世界观的理性反思能力与我们自身的特殊性偶然性之间的冲突的外化表现就是主观—客观的结构。所以,想要把握内格尔的哲学思想,就需要对人的形而上学给出合理的阐释来为主客观结构奠基。Thomas Nagel's subjective-objective structure is an original conceptual tool of his own thought,but he didn't explain this structure clearly and systematically,nor did he delve too much on the basis of this structure.It remains necessity and some space to give a clear and concise description of its subjective-objective structure,and to give a reconstructive explanation of the basis of this structure in line with Nagel's own thought.In Nagel's case,human beings,as rational beings with physical nature,on the one hand,their own biological attributes and particular limitations make people observe and evaluate the world from a specific point of view(and come up with some"subjective"views);on the other hand,the inherent transcendental reflective ability within human nature enables individuals to test pre-reflective commitments critically from prior reflections constantly,to transcend original particularities and contingencies,and to seek some rational unity(some"objective"views).The externalization of this conflict between the rational reflective ability to seek a unified worldview and our own special contingencies is the subjective-objective structure.Therefore,if we want to grasp Nagel's philosophical thought,we need to provide a reasonable explanation of human metaphysics as the foundation of subjective and objective structure.

关 键 词：客观性 主观性 人的形而上学 反思 分裂 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]