机器人辅助椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位  

Robot-assisted pedicle screw internal fixation in treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation

作　　者：陈文创 李勇[2] 鲁尧[2] 张梅刃[3] 陈海云[3] 余照宇 Chen Wenchuang;Li Yong;Lu Yao;Zhang Meiren;Chen Haiyun;Yu Zhaoyu(Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006,Guangdong Province,China;Third Department of Orthopedics,Zhuhai Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine,Zhuhai 519015,Guangdong Province,China;Sixth Department of Orthopedics,Zhuhai Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine,Zhuhai 519015,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]广州中医药大学第二临床医学院,广东省广州市510006 [2]广东省中医院珠海医院骨三科,广东省珠海市519015 [3]广东省中医院珠海医院骨六科,广东省珠海市519015

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2024年第36期5833-5838,共6页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：珠海市科技创新局项目基金(2220004000372),项目负责人:陈海云。

摘　　要：背景:寰枢椎脱位因手术难度极高、风险极大,曾被国际骨科界视为“手术禁区”。然而,随着骨科智能数字化的迅速发展,机器人辅助导航置钉技术被广泛应用于临床,显著降低了手术难度和手术风险,提高了手术安全性,但是将该技术应用于治疗寰枢椎脱位的报道较少。目的:探究机器人辅助椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2021年10月至2022年7月于广东省中医院珠海医院在机器人辅助导航下行C1-C2椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗的5例寰枢椎脱位患者的病历资料。记录手术时间、颈部切口长度、出血量、术后引流量、住院时间,关注有无脑脊液漏、椎动脉损伤、神经损伤、术区感染等并发症发生,收集术前及末次随访颈部疼痛目测类比评分、美国脊椎损伤学会脊髓损伤分级、日本骨科协会颈椎评分及影像学指标,并评估置钉准确率。结果与结论:①5例患者均顺利完成手术,均未出现血管、神经损伤等并发症,且均获得随访,随访时间为12-20个月;②5例患者共置入20枚颈椎椎弓根螺钉,其中A类螺钉9枚,B类螺钉10枚,C类螺钉1枚,置钉准确率为95%;③末次随访时,目测类比评分为(0.80±0.71)分,较术前(4.00±2.83)分明显下降;日本骨科协会评分为(14.80±0.84)分,较术前(8.00±0.71)分明显升高;而寰齿前间隙由术前(7.86±3.25)mm减小至(2.82±0.93)mm,寰枢椎管储备间隙由术前(6.74±1.99)mm增大至(12.10±3.51)mm,延髓颈髓角由术前(133.32±13.55)˚增大至(153.44±9.53)°,斜坡椎管角由术前(128.02±9.92)˚增大至(143.25±12.99)˚;以上末次随访指标结果均较术前改善,差异有显著性意义(P均<0.05);④术后影像学随访提示所有患者植骨区均获得骨性融合,无内固定松动、断裂或拔出等情况出现;⑤提示该方法可以避免依赖医生的经验和手感,保证上颈椎螺钉置钉的准确性,降低手术风险,并在中期随访BACKGROUND:Atlantoaxial dislocation,because of its high difficulty and high risk of surgery,has been regarded as the“surgical restricted area”by the international orthopedic community.However,with the rapid development of intelligent digitization in orthopedics,robot-assisted navigation screw placement technology has been widely used in clinical practice,which significantly reduces the difficulty and risk of surgery and improves the safety of surgery.However,there are few reports on the application of this technique in the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation.OBJECTIVE:To explore the application value of robot-assisted pedicle screw internal fixation in the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation.METHODS:The medical records of five patients with atlantoaxial dislocation treated with C1-C2 pedicle screw fixation under robot-assisted navigation in Zhuhai Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from October 2021 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Operation time,length of neck incision,blood loss,postoperative drainage volume,and length of hospital stay were recorded.Attention should be paid to cerebrospinal fluid leakage,vertebral artery injury,nerve injury,operative area infection and other complications.The visual analog scale score of neck pain,the spinal cord injury grade of the American Spinal Injury Association,the cervical spine score of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association,and the imaging indicators were collected before surgery and at the last follow-up.Screw placement accuracy was assessed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Five patients were successfully completed surgery,without vascular,nerve injury or other complications,and were followed up for 12-20 months.(2)A total of 20 cervical pedicle screws were placed in 5 patients,including 9 type A screws,10 type B screws,and 1 type C screw.The accuracy of screw placement was 95%.(3)At the last follow-up,the visual analog scale score was(0.80±0.71)points,which was significantly lower than that before operation(4.00±2.83)points;the J

关 键 词：机器人导航 寰枢椎脱位 椎弓根螺钉 置钉 准确性 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318[医药卫生—临床医学] R681.5