“犬”“豚”辨异——兼论勾践生育奖励政策中蕴含的性别观  

Differentiation of"Dog"and"Piglet"—Also on the Gender View Contained in Gou Jian's Fertility Reward Policy

作　　者：叶娇[1] Ye Jiao(School of Humanities,Taizhou University,Linhai 317000,China)

机构地区：[1]台州学院人文学院,浙江临海317000

出　　处：《台州学院学报》2024年第1期33-39,共7页Journal of Taizhou University

基　　金：台州市教育科学规划研究课题“部编本初中语文教材文言文注释变更研究”(TG23440)。

摘　　要：传世名篇《勾践灭吴》中有关生育奖励的措施影响深远,但生男生女分别奖励犬豚的做法却广受争议,颇多分歧。从语言、历史、文化多角度辨析“犬”“豚”之异,明确先秦时期犬、豚同为重要肉食来源,但越人纵狗行猎,在越国,犬的地位高于豚;犬阳豚阴的动物阴阳观念乃汉人习气,并不适用于当时的越国;勾践分别奖励是出于犬、豚的不同文化蕴含,体现的是男尊女卑思想下男女分工的不同。勾践各尽其用的性别观对当今社会亦有借鉴启示意义。The fertility reward measures in the famous article Gou Jian Exterminates Wu have a far-reaching impact.Among them,the practice of rewarding dogs and piglets respectively for boys and girls has aroused considerable controversy.By identifying the differences between"dogs"and"piglets"from multiple perspectives such as language,history,and culture,the article clearly points out that dogs and piglets were both important sources of meat during the pre-Qin period.However,the Yue people kept dogs mainly for hunting,so in their hearts,the status of dogs was higher than piglets.The concept of animal Yin and Yang among which a dog belongs to Yang while a piglet Yin is the habit of the Han people,and is not applicable to the Yue state.Gou Jian's respective rewards are derived from the different cultural connotations of dogs and piglets,reflecting the different division of labor be⁃tween men and women under the concept of male superiority and female inferiority.Gou Jian's gender perspective also has reference and inspiration for today's society.

关 键 词：《勾践灭吴》 犬 豚 先秦 越国 生育奖励 

分 类 号：C913.14[经济管理] H13[社会学]