清代翡翠的化学成分及谱学特征研究  

Chemical Composition and Spectral Characteristic of Jadeite Jade Dated to Qing Dynasty

作　　者：刘欣欣 钟倩 王雁琳 包德清[1] 舒骏 LIU Xinxin;ZHONG Qian;WANG Yanlin;BAO Deqing;SHU Jun(Gemmological Institute,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Wuhan 430077,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)珠宝学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]湖北省文物考古研究院,湖北武汉430077

出　　处：《宝石和宝石学杂志（中英文）》2023年第6期124-133,共10页Journal of Gems & Gemmology

摘　　要：清代翡翠一直备受人们的喜爱,但是目前其研究较少,近年有些商家以B货、C货翡翠冒充清代翡翠,并尝试混淆视听。本文采用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、红外光谱仪、X射线粉末衍射仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、荧光光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜等仪器对腾冲某地出土的清代翡翠样品进行测试分析。LA-ICP-MS结果显示清代翡翠样品中Sr/Ba大于1,Eu正异常。拉曼光谱显示深绿色样品含有绿辉石,XRD显示深绿色样品主要矿物是硬玉和次要矿物是绿辉石。红外光谱显示所有样品均在2923 cm-1和2852 cm-1处存在蜡的吸收峰,没有胶及染料,说明非现代B货、C货翡翠。经过红外光谱二阶导数计算,蜡的含量较少,可能是通过加工时上蜡的步骤引入。扫描电子显微镜Mapping显示有机物C聚集在矿物裂隙中。三维荧光光谱结果显示,所有样品的荧光中心主要集中425 nm(λex)/460 nm(λem)附近,次要集中在370 nm(λex)/433 nm(λem)附近。经测试石蜡的三维荧光中心与清代翡翠的主要荧光中心相同,次要荧光中心为土壤腐殖酸。本文清代翡翠样品是以硬玉为主的天然A货翡翠,含有蜡并且由蜡和土壤腐殖酸共同导致了荧光。Jadeite jade dated to Qing Dynasty has attracted much attention in the market,but there is little research on it currently.In recent years,some merchants have used B and C level jadeite to pass off as old jadeite jade dated to Qing Dynasty,and tried to confuse the public.This study conducts a scientific test on the jadeite jade samples from the Qing Dynasty,provides a spectral basis for comparison,and conducts a preliminary discussion on the origin of jadeite jade of Qing Dynasty.In this study,the authors studied the jadeite jade of Qing Dynasty unearthed from Tengchong,Yunnan Province using LA-ICP-MS,XRD,FTIR,Raman spectroscopy,fluorescence spectrometer and Scanning electron microscope.LA-ICP-MS results show that the jadeite jade sample of is marine sediment,Eu positive anomalies.Raman spectrum results show that the dark green sample contains omphacite absorption peaks.XRD results indicate that the dark green sample is dominated by jadeite and the minor mineral is omphacite.All samples have infrared spectrum absorption peaks of wax at 2923 cm-1 and 2852 cm-1.No glue or dye was found,which indicated that it is not modern B or C level jadeite jade.After second derivative calculation,it was found that the wax content is less,which may be introduced through the step of waxing during processing.Therefore,this indicates that the jadeite jade samples of Qing Dynasty are not modern bleached and dyed.SEM mapping demonstrates that organic matter C is clustered in mineral fissures.The three-dimensional fluorescence results of jadeite jade sample of Qing Dynasty manifest that the fluorescence center is mainly concentrated around 425(λex)/460(λem),and the secondary concentration is around 370(λex)/433(λem).By testing the three-dimensional fluorescence center of wax,it is the same as the primary fluorescence center of Qing Dynasty jadeite jade.The secondary fluorescence center is soil humic acid for Qing Dynasty jadeite jade.The Qing Dynasty jadeite jade is natural jadeite dominated by jadeite,containing wax.The fluoresce

关 键 词：清代翡翠 三维荧光 红外光谱 拉曼光谱 X射线粉末衍射 等离子质谱仪 

分 类 号：TS93[轻工技术与工程] K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]