正统化与世俗化:宋代以来王灵官信仰的历史考察  

Orthodoxy and Secularization:A Historical Review of W ang Lingguan Belief Since the Song Dynasty

作　　者：胡梦飞 甄思辰 HU Meng-fei;ZHEN Si-chen(Research Institute of the Canal,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252059,China;School of History,Culture and Tourism,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252000,China)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学运河学研究院,山东聊城252059 [2]聊城大学历史文化与旅游学院,山东聊城252000

出　　处：《汉江师范学院学报》2024年第1期59-66,共8页Journal of Hanjiang Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“清代黄运地区河工经费研究”(项目编号:19CZS028);山东省2022年社科规划研究专项项目:“大运河国家文化公园(山东段)建设原则与策略研究”(项目编号:22BLYJ05)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：王灵官信仰萌芽于北宋,虽然在民间广为流传,但在明代以前并不为官方所重视,其人物事迹也存在一定的争议。明永乐年间,由于明成祖朱棣崇祀道教,王灵官得以进入国家祀典,受到官方的重视和推崇。明代中后期,虽然儒家知识分子对王灵官多有批评,但由于统治阶层的提倡以及道教经典的传播,王灵官信仰在民间有了较大程度的发展。清朝建立后,宗教政策为之一变,对道教采取防范和限制态度,王灵官信仰亦受到一定影响。这一时期的王灵官信仰亦应时而变,开始走下层民众路线,其职能也因迎合民众的社会需求,愈发多元化。从中可以看出,中国传统社会道教神灵信仰与国家祀典和民众生活的密切关系。Wang Lingguan belief originated in the Northern Song Dynasty,widely circulated among the people,it was not highly valued by the authorities before the Ming Dynasty,and there was also some controversy over his character and deeds.During the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty,due to the worship of Taoism by Emperor Cheng Zhu Di,Wang Lingguan was able to enter into the state ritual ceremony and received official attention and praise.In the mid to late Ming Dynasty,Confucian intellectuals criticized W ang Lingguan,due to the promotion of the ruling class and the dissemination of Taoist classics,but Wang Lingguan belief had a significant development among the people.After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty,religious policies underwent a change,adopting a preventive and restrictive attitude towards Taoism,and Wang Lingguan belief was also influenced to some extent.During this period,W ang Lingguan belief also changed and began to follow the path of the lower class.Its functions also cater to the social needs of the people and are becoming in-creasingly diversified.From it,we can see the close relationship between the belief in Taoist deities in traditional Chinese society,state rituals,and people's lives.

关 键 词：道教 王灵官信仰 正统化 世俗化 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]