智能时代人因科学研究的新范式取向及重点  

New research paradigms and agenda of human factors science in the intelligence era

作　　者：许为[1] 高在峰[2] 葛列众[1] XU Wei;GAO Zaifeng;GE Liezhong(Center for Psychological Sciences,Hangzhou 310058,China;Department of Psychology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学心理科学研究中心,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学心理与行为科学系,杭州310058

出　　处：《心理学报》2024年第3期363-382,共20页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：本文首先提出了“人因科学”这一创新的学科群概念来表征工程心理学、人因工程、工效学、人机交互等相近领域。尽管这些领域的研究角度不一样,但是它们分享共同的研究理念、对象以及目的。我们近期的研究表明,人工智能(AI)新技术带来了一系列新的人因问题,而作为人因科学研究对象的人机关系呈现出从“人机交互”向“人智组队式合作”的跨时代演进。这些变化对人因科学研究提出了新问题和新挑战,需要我们重新审视基于非智能技术的人因科学研究范式和重点。在此背景下,本文梳理人因科学研究范式取向跨时代的演进,总结我们近5年所提出的一系列用于丰富人因科学研究范式的新概念模型和框架,其中包括人智协同认知系统、人智协同认知生态系统以及智能社会技术系统的模型和框架。本文进一步从人因科学研究范式取向的角度进一步提升这些概念模型和框架,提出智能时代人因科学研究的三种新范式取向,分析相应的应用意义,并展望今后的研究方向。同时,针对智能时代人因科学研究重点的跨时代转移新特征,本文从“人智交互”“智能人机界面”“人智组队合作”三个方面展望了今后人因科学的研究重点,揭示出人因科学新研究范式取向对未来研究重点的作用。我们认为,人因科学的研究范式取向和研究重点互为影响,互为促进,智能时代的人因科学研究需要多样化、创新的研究范式取向,从而进一步推动人因科学的发展。This paper first proposes the innovative concept of“human factors science”to characterize engineering psychology,human factors engineering,ergonomics,human-computer interaction,and other similar fields.Although the perspectives in these fields differ,they share a common goal:optimizing the human-machine relationship by applying a“human-centered design”approach.AI technology has brought in new characteristics,and our recent research reveals that the human-machine relationship presents a trans-era evolution from“human-machine interaction”to“human-AI teaming.”These changes have raised questions and challenges for human factors science,compelling us to re-examine current research paradigms and agendas.In this context,this paper reviews and discusses the implications of the following three conceptual models and frameworks that we recently proposed to enrich the research paradigms for human factors science.(1)human-AI joint cognitive systems:this model differs from the traditional human-computer interaction paradigm and regards an intelligent system as a cognitive agent with a certain level of cognitive capabilities.Thus,a human-AI system can be characterized as a joint cognitive system in which two cognitive agents(human and intelligent agents)work as teammates for collaboration.(2)human-AI joint cognitive ecosystems:an intelligent ecosystem with multiple human-AI systems can be represented as a human-AI joint cognitive ecosystem.The overall system performance of the intelligent ecosystem depends on optimal collaboration and design across the multiple human-AI systems.(3)intelligent sociotechnical systems(iSTS):human-AI systems are designed,developed,and deployed in an iSTS environment.From a macro perspective,iSTS focuses on the interdependency between the technical and social subsystems.The successful design,development,and deployment of a human-AI system within an iSTS environment depends on the synergistic optimization between the two subsystems.This paper further enhances these frameworks from the

关 键 词：人因科学 工程心理学 人因工程 研究范式取向 人智组队 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]