“过秦”与“伪新”:班固历史兴亡观的再认识  

The‘Faulty Qin’and the‘False Xin’:Revisiting Ban Gu’s Historical Thoughts on the Rise and Fall of Dynasties

作　　者：宣扬 XUAN Yang(School of History,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》2024年第1期16-23,共8页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

摘　　要：秦朝和新朝短祚而亡,是中国历史发展进程中的两个“波谷”。班固考察秦、新两个大一统皇朝的正统性、兴亡过程和政治遗产,指出:秦朝是顺承天命的“闰统”,新朝是不入五德闰位的“无统”;两个皇朝都由创业之君适应当时的政治趋势而建立,却因统治者施行错误的政治制度和社会治理模式,从而走向儒家制度精神的反面,亡不旋踵;汉承秦制是迫于时势的权宜之计,具有两面性,新朝制度则在形式上被东汉统治者废除了。暴秦、伪新最终成为具有典范意义的文化符号。班固在考察秦朝和新朝历史的过程中,寄寓着他对东汉皇朝完成西汉统治者未竟之功、迈入王道治世的期待。The Qin Dynasty(221-206 BCE)and the Xin Dynasty(9-23 CE)perished in a short period of time.These two dynasties were the two“troughs”in the development of Chinese history.Ban Gu investigated the legitimacy,rise and fall,and political legacy of the two great unified dynasties of the Qin and the Xin.Ban Gu pointed out that the Qin Dynasty was ordained to rule with a mandate of heaven while the Xin Dynasty was against the mandate of heaven.Both dynasties were established by pioneering rulers to adapt to the political trends of the time,but both culminated in early downfall due to erroneous political systems and wrongful models of social governance adopted by their rulers,which ran counter to Confucian values.The fact that the Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system was due to some sort of political expediency that,with both merits and demerits,catered to the needs of the times.Conversely,the Xin system was formally abolished by the rulers of the Eastern Han Dynasty(25-220 CE).The violent Qin Dynasty and the pseudo-Xin Dynasty eventually became cultural symbols with exemplary significance in Chinese history.In the process of investigating the history of the Qin Dynasty and the Xin Dynasty,Ban Gu expressed his expectation for the Eastern Han Dynasty to complete the unfinished work of the rulers of the Western Han Dynasty(206 BCE-9 CE)to forge lasting periods of peace and prosperity.

关 键 词：班固 《汉书》 秦朝 新朝 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]