托尔金“善灾”诗学的伦理观  

The Ethics of Tolkien’s Poetics of“Eucatastrophe”

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作  者:傅越 FU Yue

机构地区:[1]复旦大学中国语言文学系

出  处:《国外文学》2023年第4期136-146,共11页Foreign Literatures

摘  要:现代奇幻之父J.R.R.托尔金的“善灾”诗学,深受他的创作经历、学术研究和宗教信仰的影响。“善灾”作为原创的诗学理念,从三个层面反映了托尔金神话的伦理观:诗性正义、个人境况和生命意识。本文首先介绍“善灾”的由来,其构词体现了“灾难与逆转”的矛盾修辞法。“善灾”既包含悲喜剧和幸福结局的要素,又是“诗性正义”在基督教喜剧中的再现。接着考察在“崇高与谦卑”的个人境况下,人物面临“善的脆弱性”的道德选择,导致恶灾和善灾的生成。最后探讨中洲神话的关键主题:“死亡与不朽”揭示了“善灾”诗学独特的生命意识,即“死亡是赠礼”,并在托尔金的自我隐喻中得以证明。在诗学伦理、个人伦理和生命伦理这三个维度,形成“善灾”的伦理观。The poetics of “eucatastrophe” created by J.R.R. Tolkien, the father of modern fantasy, was deeply influenced by his writing experience, academic research and religious belief. As an original poetic concept, “eucatastrophe” reflects the ethics of Tolkien's mythology on three levels: poetic justice, the personal situation and life consciousness. Firstly, the paper introduces the origin of “eucatastrophe”. Its word formation embodies the oxymoron of “catastrophe and peripeteia”. “Eucatastrophe” not only contains elements of tragicomedy and a happy ending, but also is the representation of “poetic justice” in the Christian comedy. Then, in the personal situation of “sublime and humility”, characters are faced with the moral choice of “the fragility of goodness”, which leads to the generation of “dyscatastrophe” or “eucatastrophe”. Finally, this paper discusses the key theme of the Middle-earth mythology: death and immortality, and reveals the unique life consciousness of the poetics of “eucatastrophe” proved by Tolkien's self-metaphor. In the three dimensions of poetic ethics, personal ethics and bioethics, the ethics of “eucatastrophe” is formed.

关 键 词:J.R.R.托尔金 善灾 伦理 悲剧 《论仙境奇谭》 

分 类 号:I561.06[文学—其他各国文学] B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]

 

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