詹姆士论个人气质对哲学倾向的影响  

William James’View on the Influence of Personal Temperament on Philosophical Inclinations

作　　者：徐健军 Xu Jianjun(Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150000)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学,哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《西部学刊》2024年第3期58-61,共4页Journal of Western

摘　　要：有观点认为哲学家是在严肃对待客观前提与条件的基础上建立起的哲学体系,实用主义的奠基人威廉·詹姆士却提出了不一样的看法,他认为个人气质的引导在其中也扮演了重要的角色,哲学家个人的气质或冷酷或温和、或残忍或人道,将在很大程度上影响其哲学道路的选择。詹姆士的这种理论被称作“哲学气质说”,该学说根据哲学气质的不同把哲学分为“柔和的”和“刚毅的”两大类,每一大类下又包括众多的小类。对于理性主义和经验主义这两种典型的哲学倾向,詹姆士分析了两者的特点,同时也论述了各自存在的弊端。“哲学气质说”把研究的核心放在了活生生的人身上,它关注个人的天性、喜好、习惯等对哲学倾向的影响,提供了一种新的视角来看待哲学及其冲突与发展,为深入地理解詹姆士的实用主义思想提供了素材。It has been argued that philosophers establish philosophical systems on the basis of taking objective premises and conditions seriously.However,William James,the founder of pragmatism,proposes a different perspective.He believes that the personal temperament also plays a significant role,and that a philosopher’s temperament,whether cold or warm,cruel or humane,would greatly influence the choice of their philosophical path.James’s theory is known as the“philosophy temperament”,which categorizes philosophy into“Tender-minded”and“Tough-minded”based on different philosophy temperaments,and each of these categories includes numerous subcategories.James analyzes the characteristics of rationalism and empiricism,two typical philosophical tendencies,while also discussing their respective shortcomings.The“philosophy temperament”focuses on living individuals,considering the influence of personal nature,preferences,and habits on philosophical inclinations.It provides us with a new perspective to understand philosophy,its conflicts,and development,while also offering material for a deeper comprehension of James’pragmatist ideas.

关 键 词：詹姆士 哲学气质说 实用主义 个人气质 

分 类 号：B712.44[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B087