水产养殖环境中农兽药物的污染暴露水平及其风险影响评价  

Exposure Level and Risk Impact Assessment of Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs in Aquaculture Environment

作　　者：张楷文 张海燕[1] 孔聪[1] 顾润润[1] 田良良[1] 杨光昕 王媛[1] 陈冈 沈晓盛[1] ZHANG Kai-wen;ZHANG Hai-yan;KONG Cong;GU Run-run;TIAN Liang-liang;YANG Guang-xin;WANG Yuan;CHEN Gang;SHEN Xiao-sheng(East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;College of Food Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Jinshan District Aquatic Technology Promotion Station,Shanghai 201599,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306 [3]上海市金山区水产技术推广站,上海201599

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第1期151-158,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(2020-02-08-00-07-F01464)。

摘　　要：为探究水产养殖环境中农兽药物污染暴露水平及其对生态环境的风险影响,以上海地区水产养殖环境为例,于2022年7~9月采集40家主要水产养殖场中水体、底泥以及投入品,采用超高压液相色谱-静电场轨道离子阱质谱法分析其农兽药物的含量及种类,并通过风险商值(RQ)法对底泥和水体中的农兽药物污染进行生态风险评估.结果表明,204份样品(水样72份、泥样72份和投入品60份)中共筛出13种药物,分别是扑草净、多菌灵、西草净、扑灭津、氟苯尼考、西玛津、金刚烷胺、地西泮、甲氧苄啶、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、甲苯咪唑和恩诺沙星,其中水样中12种,浓度在0.016~2.084μg·L^(-1)之间.泥样中7种,含量在0.018~23.101μg·kg^(-1)之间.投入品中4种,含量在1.979~101.940μg·kg^(-1)之间.水体与底泥同时发现的药物有7种.风险商值评价结果显示,农兽药残留在水产养殖场底泥和水体中均存在高中风险,其中生态风险最高的药物为多菌灵,RQ值分别为3.848和1.580,表现为高风险.建议加强养殖环境中农兽药物外源进入的控制与管理,以保护水产养殖环境的生态系统健康.To explore the exposure level of pesticides and veterinary drugs in an aquaculture environment and its impact on the ecological environment,this study took the aquaculture environment in Shanghai as an example,and samples of water,sediment,and inputs from 40 major aquaculture farms were collected from July to September 2022.The types and contents of pesticides and veterinary drugs were screened using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrostatic field orbital ion trap mass spectrometry,and the risk quotient(RQ)method was used to assess the ecological risk of pesticide contamination in water and sediment.The results showed that 13 drugs were screened out from 204 samples(72 samples of water,72 samples of mud,and 60 samples of input),namely,chlorpromazine,carbendazim,thiophanate,diazepam,florfenicol,simazine,amantidine,diazepam,trimethoprim,ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin,mebendazole,and enrofloxacin.Among them,12 species were found in water samples with concentrations ranging from 0.016μg·L^(-1) to 2.084μg·L^(-1).The concentrations of seven species in the mud samples ranged from 0.018μg·kg^(-1) to 23.101μg·kg^(-1).The results showed that there were four types of inputs,ranging from 1.979μg·kg^(-1) to 101.940μg·kg^(-1).Seven drugs were found in both water and sediment.The risk quotient(RQ)results showed that there were some high and middle risks in both water and sediment samples of aquaculture farms,and the ecological risks of carbendazim were the highest in both water and sediment samples of aquaculture farms;the RQ values were 3.848 and 1.580,respectively,indicating high risk.It is suggested to strengthen the control and management of exogenous pesticides and veterinary drugs in aquaculture environments to protect the ecosystem health of the aquaculture environment.

关 键 词：养殖环境 农兽药 暴露水平 风险评估 上海地区 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]