光伏电站建设对陆地生态环境的影响:研究进展与展望  

Effects of Photovoltaic Power Station Construction on Terrestrial Environment:Retrospect and Prospect

作　　者：田政卿 张勇[1] 刘向 陈生云 柳本立 吴纪华 TIAN Zheng-qing;ZHANG Yong;LIU Xiang;CHEN Sheng-yun;LIU Ben-li;WU Ji-hua(State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,College of Ecology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学生态学院,草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第1期239-247,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(22JR5RA396);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(lzujbky-2021-sp51);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4202102)。

摘　　要：随着全球能源消耗的快速增长,环境将进一步恶化,各国减排的竞争将更加激烈,而利用太阳能作为清洁能源的光伏发电对于实现地球碳中和具有重要战略意义.陆地生态系统中的集中式光伏电站大范围覆盖地球表面,导致土地利用发生变化,对地表能量平衡和降水的再分配产生显著影响,进而改变土壤养分循环和植物生产力,并最终带来明显的生态环境效应.通过回顾近20年来国内外光伏电站生态环境影响研究的相关文献,综述了光伏电站建设对微气候、土壤和动植物等的影响强度和方向,以及对陆地生态系统功能的潜在影响.光伏电站可以通过调节微气候因子中的太阳辐射强度、空气温湿度、风速和风向等,进一步影响植物生产力、土壤抗蚀性和土壤碳固存等多项生态系统功能.尽管已有文献报道中有关光伏电站建设对陆地生态系统的影响并不一致,但总体而言,可以提高植被盖度和植物生产力;特别在荒漠等生态系统中可在一定程度上改善生态环境.目前,尽管有大量研究报道了光伏电站对生态系统可能具有的效应,但实验性论据尚不充分,对生态系统功能影响机制的研究更为少见.在后续的工作中,可进一步关注光伏电站对生态环境影响的区域差异性,以及对生态系统功能潜在的影响途径,结合生态效应为光伏电站建设区域的生态保护与修复提供依据,并针对潜在的生态风险制定相应预案措施.With the rapid growth of global energy consumption,the environment will further deteriorate,and the competition among countries to reduce emissions will become more intense.Photovoltaic power generation using solar energy as a clean energy source is of strategic importance for achieving a carbon-neutral planet.Therein,centralized photovoltaic power stations in terrestrial ecosystems cover the earths surface,which leads to changes in land use and has a significant effect on the surface energy balance and precipitation regimes,altering soil nutrient cycling and plant productivity,and ultimately significantly affects ecosystem functions and services.By synthesizing relevant studies on this topic over the past 20 years,we summarized the effects of photovoltaic power station construction on microclimate,soil,flora and fauna,and potential changes in terrestrial ecosystem functions.Overall,the photovoltaic power stations improved the quality of the soil condition,especially in harsh environments,and increased the vegetation coverage.In addition,photovoltaic power stations could affect ecosystem functions including plant productivity,soil erosion resistance,and soil carbon sequestration by regulating microclimatic factors such as solar radiation intensity,air temperature and humidity,wind speed,and wind direction.Although numerous studies have anticipated the potential effect of photovoltaic power stations on ecosystem structure and functions,empirical evidence remains scarce.Therefore,more studies focusing on the regional variability of the ecological impacts of photovoltaic power stations and the potential pathways of photovoltaic power stations affecting ecosystem functions are needed in the future.Improving the understanding of the ecological effects of photovoltaic power stations may help to provide a basis for ecological protection and restoration.

关 键 词：光伏电站 生态效应 微气候因子 植物多样性 土壤生态系统 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]