木炭遗存揭示藏东南过去2700年人类生存环境及木材利用策略  

CHARCOAL ANALYSIS REVEALS HUMAN LIVING ENVIRONMENT AND WOOD UTILIZATION STRATEGIES ON THE SOUTHEASTERN QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU OVER THE PAST 2700 YEARS

作　　者：孙青丽 高玉 杨继帅 王彦人 杨棋 童艳 谭韵瑶 夏格旺堆 杨晓燕 SUN Qingli;GAO Yu;YANG Jishuai;WANG Yanren;YANG Qi;TONG Yan;TAN Yunyao;SHARGAN Wangdue;YANG Xiaoyan(Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Hangzhou 310014,Zhejiang;Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu;Institute of Archaeological Laboratories and Scientific and Technical Conservation,National Center for Archaeology,Beijing 100013;Tibet Autonomous Regional Institute of Cultural Relics Preservation,Lhasa 850008,Tibet)

机构地区：[1]浙江省文物考古研究所,浙江杭州310014 [2]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,古生态与人类适应团队,北京100101 [3]兰州大学资源环境学院,西部环境教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [4]国家文物局考古研究中心,考古实验室与科技保护研究所,北京100013 [5]西藏自治区文物保护研究所,西藏拉萨850008

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2024年第1期144-157,共14页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(批准号:41930323);青藏高原地球系统基础科学中心项目(批准号:41988101);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(批准号:2019QZKK0601);中国科学院青年创新促进会人才专项项目(批准号:2022068)共同资助。

摘　　要：木材是早期人类在青藏高原高海拔区域生存所需的关键性资源之一,对木材的利用是人类适应极端环境的策略之一。本研究通过对青藏高原东南部8处考古遗址出土木炭的系统分析,重建了遗址周边的木材资源,发现过去2700年以来,在木材资源丰富的藏东南,先民采集的木材种类多样,只在少数遗址显示出对特定木材的选择偏好;波堆藏布流域人群利用的主要木材为当地的果树光核桃(Prunus mira),其他区域则以川滇高山栎(Quercus semecarpifolia)和高山松(Pinus densata)为主,显示出木材利用策略具有明显的空间差异;研究还发现,在气候变化影响下,高山松在先民日常生活中的比重逐渐降低,而川滇高山栎等灌木逐渐增加。本研究第一次对藏东南区域木材利用历史进行了重建,为探讨人类对藏东南的行为适应提供了新的视角。Wood is one of the key resources that early humans needed to survive in the high-altitude regions of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,and its utilization was one of the strategies that humans used to adapt to the extreme environment.This paper reconstructs the utilization of wood resources on the southeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau through a systematic charcoal analysis.2715 charcoal fragments had been obtained by flotation from 23 layers,11profiles,8 archaeological sites(RDo phug site:29.75° N,94.14° E;Baguorao site:29.67° N,94.33° E;Jialama site:29.66° N,94.38° E;Nyi khri site:29.57° N,94.47° E;RGu shang site:29.92° N,95.45° E;A sgang rong site:30.01° N,95.58° E;Bya mo kha site:30.08° N,95.58° E;Kha lding site:30.08° N,95.59° E),and 22taxa had been identified.This study finds that over the past 2700 years,the habitants collected a wide variety of timber species on the timber-rich southeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,and had a selective preference for specific timbers at a few sites.The main timbers utilized by the habitants in the Bodui Tsangpo valley was the local Tibetan peach(Prunus mira),while the brown oak(Quercus semecarpifolia)and Sikang pine(Pinus densata)were the main wood in other regions,showing significant spatial differences in wood utilization strategies.This study also found that under the influence of climate change,the proportion of Sikang pine gradually decreased in the daily life of the habitants,while shrubs such as brown oak,gradually increased.For the first time,this study reconstructs the history of wood utilization on the southeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,and offers a new perspective for exploring human behavioral adaptation to the southeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

关 键 词：木炭分析 青藏高原 高海拔适应 川滇高山栎 高山松 光核桃 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] P532[历史地理—历史学]