现代反讽:尼采与德国浪漫派  

Modern Irony:Nietzsche and German Romanticism

作　　者：朱彦明[1] Zhu Yanming

机构地区：[1]华侨大学哲学与社会发展学院

出　　处：《世界哲学》2024年第1期47-56,160,共11页World Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新生殖技术应用的伦理问题研究”(项目编号:22BZX091)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：反讽概念的现代版本,或者所谓的“浪漫反讽”,创始于以施莱格尔为代表的德国早期浪漫派。早期浪漫派使反讽概念超越了长期以来仅仅作为修辞技巧的狭隘形式,开始向哲学靠近。但是,这种向哲学靠近,并非趋向现代主体中心的知识原则,而是转向了诗学或创造“浪漫诗”。尼采《悲剧的诞生》通过思考悲剧的再生为现代生活创造一种审美生存,就属于早期浪漫派开创的艺术“新神话”语境。但是,随着尼采与瓦格纳的疏远,他不仅批判了以黑格尔和瓦格纳为代表的德国浪漫主义的颓废和虚弱人格,而且也将矛头指向了整个现代性问题,他发现现代人的“反讽的生存”“反讽的自我意识”以及可能导向的犬儒主义。尼采对待反讽的严肃态度,关联着他的价值重估的思想使命。The modern version of the concept of irony,or so-called"romantic irony",originated with the early German Romantics,represented by Schlegel.The early Romantics moved the concept of irony beyond its longstanding narrow form as a mere rhetorical technique and began to move closer to philosophy.However,this approach to philosophy was not towards the modern subject-centered principle of knowledge,but towards poetics or the creation of"romantic poetry".Nietzsche's The Birth of Tragedy creates an aesthetic survival for modern life by contemplating the regeneration of tragedy,which belongs to the context of the"new myth"of art initiated by the early Romantics.However,as Nietzsche distanced himself from Wagner,he not only criticized the decadence and weak personality of German Romanticism represented by Hegel and Wagner,but also pointed his finger at the whole problem of modernity,and found that modern man's"ironic existence,""ironic self-consciousness,"and the possible direction of the cynicism of modern man were not only the result of his own experience,but also the result of the"ironic existence,""ironic self-consciousness,"and the"ironic self-consciousness,"as well as the cynicism to which it may lead.Nietzsche's serious attitude toward irony is associated with his intellectual mission of revaluation.

关 键 词：反讽 浪漫主义 哲学 诗歌 艺术 

分 类 号：B516.47[哲学宗教—外国哲学]