宋代官衔带“新授”现象研究  

Study on the Phenomenon of Conferring Official Title Belt upon Newly Appointed Officials in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：周佳[1] Zhou Jia

机构地区：[1]浙江大学历史学院,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第2期37-47,共11页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：宋代官员凡新授职务,最早收到省札后就可称“新授某官”,这很普遍。其意义一则突显中央权威;二则官员提前注授职务并允许入衔,有利于稳定日益膨胀的官僚队伍。按道理新官上任后应去掉“新授”字样,直接称“某官”,但地方官往往上任半年内,在与中央的往来文书中,仍称“新授某官”。这一时段类似“试用观察期”,一方面新官用来适应新岗位,亦享有“免责”的优待;另一方面所在机构、监司、台谏会监督新官的表现,及时淘汰问题官员,作为对以文书、资历为主要依据的选任制度的修正。The newly appointed officials of the Song dynasty could be called“a newly appointed official”after receiving Shengzha(省札),which was a very common phenomenon.On the one hand,it highlighted the authority of the central government and on the other hand,conferring positions to officials in advance and allowing them to have official titles would help stabilize the increasingly expanding bureaucratic team.Logically speaking,after taking office,a new official should get rid of the words of“newly appointed”,and be directly called“an official”.But local officials usually took office within six months.In their correspondences with the central government during this period,they were still called“newly appointed officials”.This period of time was similar to the“probationary observation period”.On the one hand,the new official needed to use the time to adapt to the new position and enjoyed the preferential treatment of liability exemption.On the other hand,the supervising institutions would screen and eliminate the newly appointed officials based on their performance,which was an amendment to the selection and appointment system based mainly on documents and seniority.

关 键 词：宋代 官衔 新授 徐谓礼文书 省札 告身 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]