大陆-海洋二元秩序博弈与阿拉伯文明的兴起  

The Confrontation of Mainland-Sea Binary Order and the Rise of Arabic Civilization

作　　者：马峥嵘 韩志斌[1] Ma Zhengrong;Han Zhibin

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第1期77-91,共15页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“部落社会演进与阿拉伯早期国家形成研究”(23ASS001)。

摘　　要：海洋秩序和大陆秩序是大中东古典帝国建构的两种典型秩序。它们以地中海和中东两大地缘板块为基础,以此衍生出不同的经济形态和治理逻辑,从而对大中东的政权构建和历史演进产生了深远影响。阿拉伯半岛作为大中东地区一个相对孤立的地理板块,因受制于贫瘠的地理环境和落后的经济结构而使其社会秩序长期被限定在部落体系中,无法内生性地演变为国家体系。于是,两种秩序的冲突,打破了半岛秩序运行的平衡局面并在半岛的绿洲城市催生了超越部落制约的新兴工商阶级,半岛政治秩序由此在该阶级对两种秩序的自觉选择中加速了从部落体系向帝国体系的转型,阿拉伯文明由此兴起。The Sea Order and Mainland Order are two typical orders established by the classical empires in the Greater Middle East, from which different economic forms and governance logic are derived, thus exerting a profound influence on the regime establishment and historical evolution of the Greater Middle East.As a relatively isolated geographical plate in the Greater Middle East, the social order of the Arabian Peninsula has been limited to the tribal system for a long time because of constraints of the poor geographical environment, which cannot be endogenously evolved into a national system.Therefore, the conflict between the two orders broke the balance of order operation in the Arabian Peninsula, and formed a new merchant class in the oasis city of the Arabian Peninsula beyond tribal constraints.The political order of the Arabian Peninsula thus accelerated the transformation from tribal system to imperial system in this class' s self-conscious choice between the two orders, and hence promoted the rise of Arabic civilization.

关 键 词：地理史观 大中东 海洋秩序 大陆秩序 阿拉伯文明 

分 类 号：K37[历史地理—历史学]