校园欺凌中学生旁观行为的差异及其与道德推脱的关系  

The Difference of Students'Bystanding Behaviours and Its Relationship with Moral Disengagement in School Bullying

作　　者：张文娟[1] 寇曦月 姜开岩[1] ZHANG Wenjuan;KOU Xiyue;JIANG Kaiyan(Linyi University,Linyi 276005;East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]临沂大学教育学院,276005 [2]华东师范大学教育学部,200062

出　　处：《教育科学研究》2024年第1期5-14,共10页Educational Science Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划青年基金项目“中小学生欺凌参与角色的行为驱动机制与干预对策研究”(17YJC880129)的成果之一。

摘　　要：以2066名中小学生为研究对象,采用问卷调查法考察校园欺凌中学生旁观行为的性别和年级差异,并深入探讨其背后的道德推脱机制。结果发现:(1)男生的协同欺凌、煽风点火和保护行为水平高于女生。(2)随着年级的升高,协同欺凌行为在小学和初中分别表现出下降和增长趋势,保护行为在小学和初中分别表现出增长和下降趋势,置身事外行为在小学和初中均表现出增长趋势,煽风点火行为从小学到初中均表现出增长趋势。(3)协同欺凌和煽风点火行为的道德推脱机制为认知重建,委婉标签、有利比较和道德辩护均能显著正向预测协同欺凌和煽风点火行为。(4)除扭曲结果外,保护行为和置身事外行为的其他道德推脱机制作用不同,具体表现为有利比较、责任转移能显著负向预测保护行为,责备归因能显著正向预测置身事外行为,委婉标签和非人性化能显著负向预测保护、正向预测置身事外行为。因此,树立正确的道德认知是校园欺凌干预方案的关键内容,且干预的旁观行为不同,学生道德推脱认知转变的重点也不同。A questionnaire survey was conducted on 2066 primary and middle school students to investigate the gender and grade differences in students'bystanding behaviour in school bullying,and to explore the underlying moral disengagement mechanisms deeply.The results revealed that:(1)Male students exhibit higher levels of assistant behavior,reinforcer behaviour and defending behaviour than female students in school bullying.(2)With the progress of grade,the assitant behaviour showed a downward trend in primary school and an upward trend in middle school.The defending behaviour showed an upward trend in primary school and a downward trend in middle school.The outsider behaviour showed an upward trend both in primary and middle school,and the reinforcer behaviour showed an upward trend from primary school to middle school.(3)The moral disengagement mechanisms of asssitant behavior and reinforcer behaviour are reconstructing behaviour,euphemistic label,advantageous comparison and moral justification(framing the negative behavior itself in a positive light and diminishing its severity).All these mechanisms can positively predict assistant behavior and reinforcer behaviour significantly.(4)Except misrepresenting injurious consequences,other moral disengagement mechanisms'role of defending and outsider behaviour is different.Advantageous comparison and displacement of responsibility can negatively predict defending behaviour significantly.Attribution of blame can positively predict outsider behaviour significantly.Euphemistic label and dehumanising the victims can negatively predict defending behaviour and positively predict outsider behaviour significantly.Therefore,establishing a correct moral cognition is the key component of school bullying intervention program.What's more,the focus of students'moral disengagement cognitive transformation varies depending on the observed bystanding behavior of the intervention.

关 键 词：中小学生 校园欺凌 旁观行为 道德推脱 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]