地球宜居性的深部驱动机制  

Earth’s habitability driven by deep processes

作　　者：徐义刚[1] 黄小龙[1] 王强[1] 王煜 李高军[2] 刘耘[3] 毛河光 倪怀玮[5] 朱茂炎[6] Yi-Gang Xu;Xiao-Long Huang;Qiang Wang;Yu Wang;Gaojun Li;Yun Liu;Ho-Kwang Mao;Huaiwei Ni;Maoyan Zhu(State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China;Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research,Beijing 100094,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210080,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,同位素地球化学国家重点实验室,广州510640 [2]南京大学地球科学与工程学院,南京210023 [3]中国科学院地球化学研究所,矿床地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550081 [4]北京高压科学研究中心,北京100094 [5]中国科学技术大学,中国科学院壳幔物质与环境重点实验室,合肥230026 [6]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,现代古生物和地层学国家重点实验室,南京210080

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第2期169-183,共15页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42288201);国家自然科学基金委员会-中国科学院前沿领域发展战略研究(XK2019DXC003)资助。

摘　　要：除与太阳之间的距离和行星的大小有关外,地球之所以宜居的一个重要因素是其拥有动力十足的地球内部.与地球宜居性是地球表生作用结果的传统认识不同,本文认为地球深部驱动着对宜居环境至关重要的外部层圈,并提出地球内外层圈间的联动机制是地球系统科学研究的突破口.在调研和评述的基础上,本文建议未来研究需要关注早期地球、地磁场、深地挥发分循环、超级火山、深地新化学反应和地质空调器等方向,围绕地球宜居性的深部驱动机制这一主题,开展地球固体层圈与流体层圈的整合研究,助力我国地球科学研究从单一学科研究向多学科交叉融合研究的转变,推动我国固体地球科学从跟踪前沿向开拓前沿的跨越式发展.Earth is the only habitable planet in the solar system with life.The Earth has two major characteristics that distinct itself from all the inhabitable planets:One is that it has an active interior,and the other is that it has plate tectonics,where the former is a prerequisite for the latter.The energy related to the convection,cooling and exothermic processes of the core and mantle is about 34−66 TW,which supports the operation of the entire plate tectonic system.Once the energy inside the Earth is exhausted,the plate tectonics will cease accordingly.From the perspective of material composition,more than 90%of elements such as carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen that have a decisive impact on the habitable environment on the surface are essentially stored in the deep Earth.Therefore,a slight“turbulence”in the deep Earth will profoundly affect the Earth’s surface system,resulting in deformation and metamorphism,resource enrichment,and dramatic changes in climate and environment on the geological time scale.The dynamism of Earth’s interior not only directly leads to the development of deep megastructures such as the large low shear velocity provinces of the core-mantle boundary and the core engine,but also gives rise to a series of major events in geological history as the primary driving force,such as the growth of continental crust,the initiation of plate tectonics,continental aggregation and breakup,Great Oxidation Event,Snowball Earth,large igneous provinces,life explosions,and mass extinctions.Therefore,the deep Earth is the operation engine of the entire Earth system.Only by grasping this crucial Earth’s engine and unraveling the linking mechanism between internal spheres and exospheres of the Earth represents can we effectively reveal the nature of the interaction of different layers in the Earth system and promote the development of Earth system science.This paper suggests following research themes in future:Early Earth,geomagnetic field,volatile cycling,supervolcanoes,new chemical reaction in deep inter

关 键 词：地球宜居性 深部引擎 深地过程 层圈相互作用 地球系统科学 

分 类 号：P3[天文地球—地球物理学]