最早的汉语句子成分分析法及其来源  

Early analyses of Chinese sentence structures and their sources

作　　者：章婷[1] 李葆嘉 ZHANG Ting;LI Baojia

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院,南京 [2]哈尔滨黑龙江大学俄罗斯文学与语言文化中心

出　　处：《中国语文》2024年第1期111-121,128,共12页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：世界汉语教学学会国际中文教育学术项目(SH22Y19);教育部高校人文社会科学重点研究基地黑龙江大学俄罗斯语言文学与文化研究中心重大项目“俄罗斯语言学史专题研究”(22JJD740022)的资助。

摘　　要：本文基于原著研读,揭示出汉语的句子成分分析法,最早见于十九世纪中期英国汉语文法学家的教材。艾约瑟在《中国官话语法》(1857)中最先采用主-谓框架分析汉语句子,但尚未对附加成分命名。苏谋斯在《中文手册》(1863)中首次建立了完整的汉语句子成分分析法(主语、谓语、宾语、定语及副词表达式、补充表达式)。通过追溯,美国语法学家格林尼在《英语结构论集;句子及其组成部分的分析和分类》(1848)中最早提出细化的或完整的英语句子成分分析法(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语),苏谋斯的成分分析法可能受其影响。By studying early textbooks on Chinese grammar,this article reveals that the earliest analysis of Chinese sentence components was done by the British during the mid-19th century.Joseph Edkins was the first who used subject-predicate framework for the analysis of Chinese sentences in his A Grammar of the Chinese Colloquial Language(1857).But there was no name for each components.James Summers first offered a complete analysis of Chinese sentence composition(including subject,predicate,object,attribute,adverbial expression,and complementary expression)in A Handbook of the Chinese Language(1863),which might be influenced by the analysis on English sentences done by an American grammarian Samuel Greene in his A Treatise on the Structure of the English Language;Or the Analysis and Classification of Sentences and Their Component Parts(1848).

关 键 词：句子成分 艾约瑟 苏谋斯 格林尼 

分 类 号：H1[语言文字—汉语]