汉晋上计制度与辞赋地理书写——兼论辞赋与地志的关系  

Shangji System and Geographic Writing of Ci-Fu in Han and Jin Dynasties:Also on the Relationship Between Ci-Fu and Local Chronicle

作　　者：彭安湘[1] PENG Anxiang

机构地区：[1]湖北大学文学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2024年第1期78-88,共11页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“选本学视野下的《古文苑》辞赋研究”(21FZWB072)。

摘　　要：上计制度是汉晋时期一项重要的官吏考核制度,其上计文书、舆图及上计会问等要素中蕴含着丰富的地理知识,这成为汉晋地学的主要构成要素并影响了汉晋辞赋的地理书写。首先是有上计吏参加的上京朝会成为汉晋辞赋的表现内容;其次是上计掾吏及相关职事的经历和博才多识特征对汉晋辞赋地理书写发挥了积极作用;再者是“计偕物”规定、计簿物产记录对汉晋辞赋题材取向产生了较大影响。而且,上计不断制度化产生的地理知识,还为地志撰述提供了资料来源,也促成了地志文本的形成。因而,上计制度促使汉晋辞赋与地志在艺术表现、文献征引、写作意图、题材倾向与文化功能等方面有较高的契合度。可见,辞赋与地志两者之间是共存、互补的关系。前人说“赋代志乘”,将辞赋与地志的双向互动关系简单说成单向影响关系,是并不完全符合历史事实的。Shangji system is an important official assessment system in the Han and Jin dynasties,which contains abundant geographical knowledge in Shangji documents,map,and reporting and questioning.This becomes the main element of geography and influences the geographical writing of ci-fu.Firstly,the imperial assembly participated by Shangji officials becomes the content of the ci-fu.Secondly,the experience and knowledge of officials in the imperial court play apositive role in the writing of the ci-fu.Thirdly,the provisions and the record of book-keeping in Shangji system have great influence on the theme orientation of ci-fuin Han and Jin dynasties.Moreover,the geographical knowledge produced by the Shangji system not only provides the data source for the writing of the local chronicles,but also contributes to the formation of the local chronicles.The Shangji system promotes the high degree of agreement between Han-Jin ci-fu and local chronicles in artistic expression,literature citation,writing intention,theme tendency,and cultural function and so on.The two-way interaction between ci-fu and local chronicles is simply described as one-way relationship by people of the past in advocating“fuin the place of chronicles”,which is not completely consistent with the historical facts.

关 键 词：汉晋 上计制度 辞赋地理书写 地志 “赋代志乘” 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学] I207.22[历史地理—中国史] K29[文学—中国文学] D691[政治法律—政治学]