托幼机构儿童身体活动和屏幕时间及膳食安排现状分析  

Analysis of the status of physical activity,screen time and dietary arrangement for children in nursery schools

作　　者：崔淼 王硕[1] 杨振宇 张倩 李瑞莉[3] 王玉英 赵文华 徐韬[1] CUI Miao;WANG Shuo;YANG Zhenyu;ZHANG Qian;LI Ruili;WANG Yuying;ZHAO Wenhua;XU Tao(National Center for Women and Children's Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100081,China;National Institute for Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevenion,Beijing 100050,China;Capital Institute of Pediatrics,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心,北京100081 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050 [3]首都儿科研究所,北京100020

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2024年第2期16-23,共8页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

基　　金：科技部基础资源调查专项:中国学龄前儿童生长发育数据分析及报告和图集制作(2017FY101104)。

摘　　要：目的了解我国托幼机构儿童在园期间的身体活动、屏幕时间及膳食安排现状,为掌握托幼机构卫生保健重点问题、完善管理措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,于2019年7月至2020年12月在我国7类地区的14个省级行政区随机抽取70所托幼机构进行问卷调查。调查内容包括:托幼机构的基本情况、儿童每日身体活动时间和屏幕时间及膳食安排等情况。使用非参数检验和χ2检验对城乡、机构性质和地域之间托幼机构的儿童一日生活安排差异进行比较分析。结果有68家托幼机构纳入研究。在儿童每日户外身体活动时间方面,公立与私立托幼机构中班、大班、班级合计的儿童每日户外身体活动时间比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.320、-2.454、-3.844,P<0.05),南方与北方托幼机构各班级儿童的每日户外身体活动时间比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.745、-2.401、-2.507、-4.418,P<0.05)。公立与私立托幼机构的各班级儿童每日总身体活动时间比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.740、-2.289、-2.409、-4.297,P<0.05),南方与北方托幼机构小班、班级合计的儿童每日总身体活动时间比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-1.972、-3.196,P<0.05)。在儿童每日屏幕时间方面,不同类型托幼机构各班级的屏幕时间均<60min。在儿童每日膳食方面,城市与农村托幼机构各班级的儿童每日饮水量比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.811、-2.684、-2.571、-4.597,P<0.05),公立与私立托幼机构大班、班级合计的儿童每日饮水量比较差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.240、-2.765,P<0.05),南方与北方托幼机构班级合计的儿童每日饮水量比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.054,P<0.05);儿童每日摄入蔬菜、水果的托幼机构占比分别为94.1%和88.2%,存在部分托幼机构儿童每日摄入含糖饮料的情况;城市与农村托幼�Objective To understand the current status of physical activity,screen time and dietary arrangement for children in nursery schools,and to provide scientific basis for grasping the key issues of health care and improving management measures in nursery schools.Methods From July 2019 to December 2020,a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in 70 nursery schools randomly selected from 14 provinces across 7 types of regions in China.The contents of the survey include:basic information of nursery schools,daily physical activities,screen time of children and dietary arrangement.The nonparametric tests and Chi-square tests were used to compare and analyze the differences in daily life arrangements of children in nursery schools across urban and rural areas,institutional types,and regions.Results Eventually 68 nursery schools were included in the study.In terms of children's daily outdoor physical activity,there were statistically significant differences in children's daily outdoor physical activity time in the middle class,top class,and combined classes between public and private nursery schools(Z=-2.320,-2.454 and-3.844,respectively,P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in children's daily outdoor physical activity time in each class between nursery schools in the southern and northern regions(Z=-2.745,-2.401,-2.507 and-4.418,respectively,P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in children's total daily physical activity time in each class between public and private nursery schools(Z=-2.740,-2.289,-2.409 and-4.297,respectively,P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in children's total daily physical activity time in bottom class and combined classes between nursery schools in the southern and northern regions(Z=-1.972 and-3.196,respectively,P<0.05).In terms of children's daily screen time,the average screen time in each class of different types of nursery schools was all<60 minutes.In terms of children's daily dieta

关 键 词：托幼机构 学龄前儿童 身体活动 屏幕时间 膳食 

分 类 号：R175[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]