基于光谱特征的HY-1C/D卫星赤潮探测方法——以红夜光藻为例  

Detection method of red tide based on the spectral features from HY-1C/D satellite:Take red Noctiluca scintillans blooms as an example

作　　者：王义衎 刘荣杰 刘建强[4] 丁静[4] 叶小敏[4] 赵鑫 宋冬梅[2] 马毅 Wang Yikan;Liu Rongjie;Liu Jianqiang;Ding Jing;Ye Xiaomin;Zhao Xin;Song Dongmei;Ma Yi(First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao 266061,China;College of Oceanography and Space Informatics,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China;Technology Innovation Center for Ocean Telemetry,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao 266061,China;National Satellite Ocean Application Service,Beijing 100081,China;College of Geodesy and Geomatics,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061 [2]中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院,山东青岛266580 [3]自然资源部海洋遥测技术创新中心,山东青岛266061 [4]国家卫星海洋应用中心,北京100081 [5]山东科技大学测绘与空间信息学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《海洋学报》2023年第12期166-178,共13页

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3105101);国家自然科学基金重大项目(61890964);中韩海洋科学共同研究中心项目(PI-2022-1)。

摘　　要：红夜光藻是我国主要的赤潮优势种,在渤海、黄海、东海和南海均有发生。近年来,红夜光藻赤潮发生频率明显上升,监测需求迫切。但红夜光藻赤潮发生具有分布范围广、变化速度快、多呈条带状分布的特点,其探测对卫星影像空间分辨率、覆盖范围和重访周期要求高。虽然水色卫星在赤潮监测中发挥了重要作用,但其空间分辨率低,无法准确探测条带状分布的红夜光藻赤潮。海洋一号C、D(HY-1C/D)卫星搭载的海岸带成像仪(Coastal Zone Imager,CZI)以其高空间分辨率、大幅宽和短重访周期的优势,被越来越多地用于赤潮监测。现有的红夜光藻赤潮HY-1C/D CZI探测模型大多基于深度学习方法,需要大量赤潮样本,但赤潮样本获取困难,影响模型的精度。因此,本文以2022年3月发生在广东省汕尾市红海湾的红夜光藻赤潮为例,分析了红夜光藻赤潮光谱特征,基于红夜光藻赤潮在红光和近红外波段的高反射特性和浑浊水体在绿光波段的高反射特性,构建了一个面向HY-1C/D CZI的红夜光藻赤潮探测方法。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地探测赤潮,并避免浑浊水体的干扰,精确率和F1-Score达到89.72%和0.90。而且,该方法具有较好的适用性,可适用于不同海洋环境、不同宽波段卫星传感器的红夜光藻赤潮探测。Red Noctiluca scintillans is the main red tide species in China,which often occurs in the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea,East China Sea and South China Sea.Recently,the red N.scintillans blooms occurred frequently,leading to an urgent need for their monitoring.However,the occurrence of red N.scintillans blooms is characterized by wide distribution range,rapid change and strip distribution.Therefore,the high spatial resolution,large coverage and short revisit period satellites are needed for red N.scintillans blooms monitoring.Although,ocean color satellites have played an important role in red tide detection,they cannot detect the strip distributed red N.scintillans blooms for their low spatial resolution.The Coastal Zone Imager(CZI)onboard HY-1C/D satellite,with high spatial resolution,wide swath and short revisit cycle,has been increasingly used for red tide monitoring.Most existing red N.scintillans blooms detection methods for HY-1C/D CZI are based on deep learning methods,which need a large number of training samples.However,the training samples are difficult to obtain,which affects the accuracy of the models.Therefore,taking red N.scintillans bloom occurred in the Honghai Bay,Guangdong Province in March 2022 as an example,the spectral features of red N.scintillans blooms were analyzed in this paper,the red tide detection method based on the high reflectance features of red N.scintillans blooms in the red and near infrared bands and turbid water in the green band was constructed for HY-1C/D CZI.The experimental results show that based on the method,red N.scintillans blooms can be detected effectively in the turbid water,with precision and F1-Score of 89.72%and 0.90 respectively.Moreover,the method has good applicability,and it is proved to be suitable for the detection of red N.scintillans blooms in different marine environments.Also,it is applicable to different broad band sensors.

关 键 词：赤潮 红夜光藻 遥感探测 HY-1C/D CZI 光谱特征 

分 类 号：P714.5[天文地球—海洋科学]