北京社区55~75岁高、低痴呆风险人群身体素质及其认知功能特点  

Physical fitness and characteristics of cognitive function among people aged 55 to 75 years with high and low risk of dementia in communities in Beijing

作　　者：刘华[1] 贾明月 杜晓霞[2] 杨亚茹 李静 吕继辉[5] LIU Hua;JIA Mingyue;DU Xiaoxia;YANG Yaru;LI Jing;LÜJihui(Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China;Beijing Bo'ai Hospital,China Rehabilitation Research Centre,Beijing 100068,China;School of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Guanyin Temple Street Office,Beijing 102600,China;Beijing Geriatric Hospital,Beijing 100095,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京市100191 [2]中国康复研究中心北京博爱医院,北京市100068 [3]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海市200241 [4]北京市大兴区观音寺街道办事处,北京市102600 [5]北京老年医院,北京市100095

出　　处：《中国康复理论与实践》2024年第2期195-201,共7页Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2017YFE0118800);北京高校优质本科课程(No.145122005/004);北京高等教育"本科教学改革创新项目"(No.145122002/007);2023内涵发展-科研-科技强校支持计划项目(No.155223021)。

摘　　要：目的分析预测社区中处于生命中期健康老年人痴呆风险因素。方法2021年7月至2023年4月招募北京市两个社区常住1年以上的55~75岁中老年人175例,收集心血管危险因素、衰老和痴呆(CAIDE)相关危险因素和其他一般人口资料,CAIDE风险评分≥9分为高危组,<9分为低危组。采用Stroop色词测验(SCWT)、两元素1-back任务范式、连线测验(TMT)进行评估;测量握力、30 s前臂屈曲测验和5次坐站试验;记录平地步行10 m的平均步速和步长。结果高危组CAIDE总分平均9.86分,低危组4.95分。两组年龄无显著性差异(P=0.188)。男性,受教育程度<7年、收缩压>140 mmHg、胆固醇>6.5 mmol/L、体质量指数>30 kg/m^(2)和缺乏体力活动人群CAIDE痴呆风险评分更高(χ^(2)>3.116,P<0.05)。高危组握力(t=-4.174)、步速(t=-2.414)、SCWT正确率(Z=-2.684)均差于低危组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,步速(OR=25.483)、握力(OR=1.133),SCWT正确率(OR=37.430)是痴呆的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论握力弱、步速慢、抑制控制能力差可能预示痴呆风险增加。Objective To analyze the risk factors of dementia among healthy elderly individuals in the middle of their lives.Methods A total of 175 participants aged 55 to 75 from two communities in Beijing were included from July,2021 to April,2023.Cardiovascular Risk Factors,Aging,and Incidence of Dementia(CAIDE)related risk factors and other demographic data were collected.According to the CAIDE assessment,participants with scores≥9 were as high-risk group,and those with scores<9 were as low-risk group.They were evaluated with Stroop Color Word Test(SCWT),two elements 1-back task paradigm and the revised Trail Making Test(TMT);measured the grip strength,30 s forearm flexion tests and five sit-to-stand tests;the average step speed and step length of a 10-meter walk were recorded.Results The average total score of CAIDE was 9.86 in the high-risk group,and was 4.95 in the low-risk group.There was no difference in age between two groups(P=0.188).There were differences in the proportion of participants of male,less than seven years'education,systolic blood pressure>140 mmHg,cholesterol>6.5 mmol/L,body mass index>30 kg/m^(2),and lack of physical activity between two groups(χ^(2)>3.116,P<0.05).The grip strength(t=-4.174),walking speed(t=-2.414),SCWT accuracy(Z=-2.684)were all worse in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that walking speed(OR=25.483),grip strength(OR=1.133)and SCWT accuracy(OR=37.430)were independent influencing factors of dementia(P<0.05).Conclusion Weaker grip strength,slower gait speed and worse inhibitory control might be independent influencing factors of dementia.

关 键 词：痴呆 危险因素 执行功能 肌肉力量 步速 握力 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]