一种基于小信号模型分析的水电机组参与电网一次调频方法  

Small Signal Analysis Based Method for Primary Frequency Regulation of Hydropower Units Participating in Power Grids

作　　者：汪旻 吴凡 梁晶[1] 周良松[3] WANG Ming;WU Fan;LIANG Jing;ZHOU Liang-song(Hubei Qingjiang Hydropower Development Company,Yichang 443000,China;Hubei Energy Group Company,Wuhan 430000,China;School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北清江水电开发有限责任公司,湖北宜昌443000 [2]湖北能源集团股份有限公司,湖北武汉430000 [3]华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2024年第2期171-176,共6页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：湖北清江水电开发有限责任公司科研项目(ENQ-BS1-FW-2022314)。

摘　　要：由于水电机组自身复杂的动态特性,导致高比例水电在参与电网调频过程中易产生超低频振荡,不利于电网安全稳定运行。为此,提出一种基于小信号建模分析的水电机组参与电网调频方法。首先,为体现更贴近实际工作状态的动态特性,基于小信号分析对水电机组参与电网调频进行模型构建;然后,考虑到小信号模型会反映系统诸如超低频振荡等危害的发生特征,进而突出系统的非线性,进行分数阶PID(FOPID)控制器设计调速系统;在此基础上,利用遗传算法以频率偏差最小为目标进行控制器参数优化,以进一步改善控制效果。仿真分析表明,所建水电机组小信号模型能够准确反映水轮机的动态特性,同时性能优越的FOPID控制器能有效地抑制超低频振荡。Due to the complex dynamic characteristics of hydropower units,it is easy to produce ultra-low frequency oscillation when a high proportion of hydropower participates in the frequency modulation process of the power grid,which is not conducive to the safe and stable operation of the power grid.Therefore,this paper proposed a frequency modulation method based on small signal modeling.First of all,in order to reflect the dynamic characteristics closer to the actual working state,the model of the hydropower unit participating in the power grid frequency modulation was constructed based on small signal analysis.To consider the small signal model that will reflect the characteristics of the system such as ultra-low frequency oscillation harm,the nonlinear system was highlighted,and Fractional Order PID(FOPID)speed regulating system controller was designed;On this basis,the genetic algorithm was used to optimize the controller parameters with the minimum frequency deviation as the objective,so as to further improve the control effect.Through the simulation analysis,the small signal model established can accurately reflect the dynamic characteristics of the water turbine,and the superior performance of the FOPID controller can effectively suppress the ultra-low frequency oscillation.

关 键 词：水电机组 一次调频 超低频振荡 小信号模型 分数阶PID 

分 类 号：TV734.4[水利工程—水利水电工程] TM712.3[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]