乳酸菌和抗生素对中华蜜蜂肠道消化酶活性、免疫基因表达及工蜂存活率的影响  

Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Antibiotics on Intestinal DigestiveEnzyme Activity, Immune Genes Expression and WorkerSurvival Rate of Apis cerana cerana

作　　者：高丽娇[1] 刘佳霖[1] 陈恒 罗文华[1] 杨金龙[1] 姬聪慧[1] 任勤[1] 曹兰[1] 王瑞生[1] GAO Lijiao;LIU Jialin;CHEN Heng;LUO Wenhua;YANG Jinlong;JI Conghui;REN Qin;CAO Lan;WANG Ruisheng(Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences,Institute of Economic Animal,Chongqing 402460,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市畜牧科学院经济动物研究所,重庆402460

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第1期490-497,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(21527);国家现代农业(蜜蜂)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-44-13);重庆市财政专项资金项目(22539);重庆市现代农业(蜂业)产业技术体系(CQMAITS202316)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在通过在中华蜜蜂糖饲料中添加乳酸菌和抗生素,评价二者对中华蜜蜂肠道消化酶活性、免疫基因表达及工蜂存活率的影响,为其在蜜蜂养殖中的应用提供依据。试验选取0日龄的中华蜜蜂工蜂540只,随机分为3个组,每组3个重复,每个重复60只蜜蜂。对照组饲喂50%(质量分数,下同)蔗糖溶液,试验组分别饲喂添加1×108 CFU/mL植物乳杆菌的50%蔗糖溶液(乳酸菌组)和添加450μg/mL四环素的50%蔗糖溶液(抗生素组)。于15日龄,测定中肠消化酶活性和免疫基因相对表达量;于30日龄,测算工蜂存活率。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,乳酸菌组中华蜜蜂中肠淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),中肠Abaecin、Toll基因的相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05),中肠Cactus-1基因的相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05),工蜂的平均生存时间显著延长2.75 d(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,抗生素组中华蜜蜂中肠淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性均显著降低(P<0.05),中肠防御素-1(Defensin-1)、肽聚糖识别蛋白(PGRP)和Cactus-1基因的相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05),工蜂的平均生存时间显著缩短2.39 d(P<0.05)。由此可知,饲喂乳酸菌可提高中华蜜蜂肠道消化酶活性,增强肠道免疫功能,提高工蜂存活率;饲喂抗生素可降低中华蜜蜂肠道消化酶活性,降低工蜂存活率。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of lactic acid bacteria and antibiotics on intestinal digestive enzyme activity,immune gene expression and worker survival rate of Apis cerana cerana by adding them to the sugar feed,and to provide evidence for their application in beekeeping.A total of 540 Apis cerana cerana workers of 0-day-old were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group and 60 bees per replicate.The control group was fed 50%(mass fraction,the same below)sucrose solution,and the experimental groups were fed 50%sucrose solution supplemented with 1×108 CFU/mL Lactobacillus plantarum(lactic acid bacteria group)and 50%sucrose solution supplemented with 450μg/mL tetracycline(antibiotic group),respectively.At 15 days of age,the digestive enzyme activity and relative expression levels of immune genes in midgut were measured;at 30 days of age,the survival rate of worker bees was measured.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the amylase activity in midgut of Apis cerana cerana in lactic acid bacteria group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the gene relative expression levels of Abaecin and Toll in midgut were significantly increased(P<0.05),the gene relative expression level of Cactus-1 in midgut was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the average survival time of worker bees was significantly extended by 2.75 days(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the activities of amylase and protease in midgut of Apis cerana cerana in the antibiotic group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the gene relative expression levels of Defensin-1,peptidoglycan recognition protein(PGRP)and Cactus-1 in midgut were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the average survival time of worker bees was significantly shortened by 2.39 days(P<0.05).In conclusion,feeding lactic acid bacteria can improve the intestinal digestive enzyme activity,enhance intestinal immune function and improve the worker survival rate of Apis cerana cerana;feeding antibiotics can decrease the

关 键 词：中华蜜蜂 乳酸菌 抗生素 肠道消化酶 肠道免疫基因 工蜂存活率 

分 类 号：S894[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]