大气CO_(2)浓度缓增、骤增和不同施氮水平对稻田CH4排放的影响  

Effects of Gradually and Abruptly Elevated CO_(2)Concentration and Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on CH_(4)Emission in Paddy Field

作　　者：武熳秋 商东耀 帅斯樑 曹琰梅 柯浩楠 胡正华[1] 李琪[1] WU Man-qiu;SHANG Dong-yao;SHUAI Si-liang;CAO Yan-mei;KE Hao-nan;HU Zheng-hua;LI Qi(School of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Henan Institute of Meteorological Science/Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique,China Meteorological Administration,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京210044 [2]河南省气象科学研究所/中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2024年第2期205-212,共8页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42071023,41775152)。

摘　　要：为探究大气CO_(2)浓度缓增、骤增和不同施氮水平对稻田CH_(4)排放的影响,基于CO_(2)浓度自动调控平台开展水稻试验,以“南粳9108”为试验品种,采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定CH_(4)通量。在背景大气CO_(2)浓度(CK)的基础上,设置CO_(2)浓度缓增(C_(1)处理,从2016年开始逐年增加40μmol·mol^(-1),至2018年增加120μmol·mol^(-1))和骤增(C_(2)处理,CO_(2)浓度每年均增加200μmol·mol^(-1))处理;在常规施氮量(N 1处理,25 g·m^(-2))的基础上设置氮肥减施处理(N_(2)处理,15 g·m^(-2))。结果表明,CO_(2)浓度缓增、骤增和不同施氮量均没有改变稻田CH_(4)通量的季节变化规律,总体上呈现先增加后减小的趋势。在整个生育期,CO_(2)浓度缓增、骤增对稻田单位产量CH_(4)排放量无显著影响。在C_(2)条件下,与N 1处理相比,N_(2)处理水稻产量显著降低45.2%(P=0.037),同时稻田单位产量CH_(4)排放量显著增加63.3%(P=0.008)。综上所述,随着CO_(2)浓度升高,氮肥减施至15 g·m^(-2)会减少水稻产量,同时增加稻田单位产量CH_(4)排放。To explore the effects of gradually and abruptly elevated CO_(2)concentration and different nitrogen application levels on CH_(4)emissions in paddy field,a field rice(cv.Nanjing 9108)experiment was conducted based on the automatic CO_(2)concentration control platform,and CH_(4)flux was measured by static chamber-gas chromatography method.The experiment was designed as:the control(CK,ambient atmospheric CO_(2)concentration),a gradually elevated atmospheric CO_(2)(C_(1),an increase of 40μmol·mol^(-1)per year withiN_(2)016-2018),and an abruptly elevated atmospheric CO_(2)(C_(2),an increase of 200μmol·mol^(-1)directly).Meanwhile,a nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment(N_(2),15 g·m^(-2))was set up in addition to the conventional nitrogen application amount(N 1,25 g·m^(-2)).The results show that the seasonal variation of CH_(4)fluxes was not significantly changed under different CO_(2)concentrations and nitrogen treatments,and CH_(4)fluxes showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.During the whole growth period of rice,C_(1)and C_(2)treatments had no significant effects on CH_(4)emission per unit yield.Under C_(2)condition,compared with N 1 treatment,N_(2)treatment significantly reduced rice yield by 45.2%(P=0.037),and significantly increased CH_(4)emission per unit yield by 63.3%(P=0.008).Overall,under the elevated CO_(2)concentration,nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment(15 g·m^(-2))reduced rice yield and simultaneously increased CH_(4)emission per unit yield.

关 键 词：水稻 CO_(2)浓度 氮肥 CH_(4)排放 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]