政策工具视角下我国众创空间政策文本分析  

An analysis of texts of China's policies for maker space from the perspective of policy tools

作　　者：卫武[1] 徐和衍 Wei Wu;Xu Heyan(School of Economics and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《科研管理》2024年第2期39-49,共11页Science Research Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目:“众创空间培育机制及发展策略研究”(18AGL006,2018.07-2023.07);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目:“‘时不我待,只争朝夕’:团队时间领导的形成和多层作用机制研究”(72102095,2022.01-2024.12)。

摘　　要：在“大众创业、万众创新”的战略背景下,众创空间的建设和发展成为政府的关注重点。本文基于政策工具视角,搭建以政策介入力度、众创生态系统和市场作用为基础的众创空间政策分析三维模型,运用内容分析法对5年间我国十六座城市的182份关于众创空间产业扶持的政策文本进行多维度交叉分析,深入阐述众创空间政策工具使用情况。研究发现:我国众创空间产业扶持政策以环境面政策为主导,需求类政策存在低占比且同质化的现象;强介入政策工具不断深化众创生态系统的全覆盖,弱介入政策则呈现明显滞后情况;各地区的众创空间扶持工作重心有所区别,东部和东北地区重视优化营商环境和众创生态环境,中西部地区关心促进众创主体形成与发展。基于此,本文提出政府应建立政策动态平衡机制,完善政策覆盖体系,探索政策措施创新,打造各地众创特色。同时,也构建了政策工具评价体系,丰富了政府政策对众创空间影响的相关文献,为深入实施创新驱动发展战略提供有益参考。In the context of mass innovation and entrepreneurship,the establishment and development of maker space have become a focal point for the government.To study the impact of policy tools comprehensively and profoundly on the maker space,this paper collected and analyzed 182 policy texts related to the maker space from 16 cities in China over five years.From the perspective of policy tools,this paper established a three-dimensional model to analyze maker space policies.This model incorporated the strength of policy intervention,maker space ecosystem,and policy classification method.The strength of policy intervention refers to the extent of government involvement in providing goods or services.Accordingly,policy tools are categorized as laissez-faire,partially participatory,tactically guided,or government-dominated.Howlett and Ramesh introduced their classification method in 1985,which has since been widely accepted by scholars.They argue that policy tools can be divided into three categories:environmental side,supply-side,and demand-side.The maker space ecosystem comprises essential elements at various levels,including the external environment,corporate,entrepreneur,and atmosphere.The study employed NVivo software to perform open coding of specific policy measures,treating them as nodes within 182 policy texts originating from four distinct regions.Logical reasoning was then conducted by combining the main purpose of nodes and the national guidance,resulting in the generation of spindle nodes.The study underscored the government's commitment to supporting the development of maker space.To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the supportive effects of policy tools on maker space,this study delved deeper by nesting open-coded nodes and their corresponding spindle codes into a theoretical analysis framework.To construct a framework diagram of the nodes,MATLAB collected and accumulated attributes of nodes from all policy texts.The research findings revealed three significant observations.Firstly,regarding the mar

关 键 词：众创空间 政策工具 政策文本 生态系统 

分 类 号：F120.3[经济管理—世界经济]