ChatGPT对研究生创新能力培养的价值与挑战  

ChatGPT′s value and challenge to the cultivation ofgraduate students′ innovation ability

作　　者：周文辉[1,2] 赵金敏 ZHOU Wenhui;ZHAO Jinmin(Center for Graduate Education,Beijing Institute of Technology;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学研究生教育研究中心 [2]北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《高校教育管理》2024年第2期42-52,共11页Journal of Higher Education Management

基　　金：全国教育科学规划一般项目(BIA230211)。

摘　　要：创新能力一直被视为人类独有的智能,但以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能产品突破了人类对机器智能的认知,也为研究生创新能力培养带来了新的价值和挑战。一方面,ChatGPT在弥补导师资源不足、强化学术指导,加速研究生创新知识习得、打破学科壁垒,引导研究问题挖掘、激发创新思维,推动研究生创新能力评价改革、容许自由探索等方面具有潜在价值。另一方面,ChatGPT也在一定程度上违反了高深知识的学习规律,使知识体系难以形成;导致教育内容亟待更新,人际互动受到冲击;引发创新能力内涵急剧变化,数字素养要求进一步提高;加剧就业风险,使学科价值需重新研判。基于此,我国需要灵活运用人工智能,完善研究生创新能力培养模式;完善研究生创新能力评价机制,营造包容的创新环境;健全数字安全法规,提升研究生数字素养;优化学科专业布局,增强研究生技能迁移能力。Innovation ability has always been regarded as the unique intelligence of human beings,but the generative artificial intelligence products represented by ChatGPT break through human cognition of machine intelligence,and also bring new values and challenges to the cultivation of graduate students′innovation ability.ChatGPT has potential value in compensating the lack of tutor resources,strengthening academic guidance,accelerating the acquisition of innovative knowledge for graduate students,helping to break through discipline barriers,guiding research problems,stimulating innovative thinking,and promoting the evaluation reform of graduate students′innovative ability.However,ChatGPT also violates the learning rules of advanced knowledge to some extent,impacts the original content of education,interpersonal interaction and the connotation of innovation ability,and intensifies the skill challenge and employment risk of graduate students.The value of the discipline needs to be re-evaluated.Based on this,it is necessary to apply artificial intelligence education,improve the cultivation mode and evaluation system of innovation ability,improve digital security regulations,enhance digital literacy,and optimize the layout of disciplines,so as to meet the requirements of generative artificial intelligence for the cultivation of graduate students′innovation ability.

关 键 词：ChatGPT 人工智能 创新能力培养 创新能力评价 数字素养 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]