油茶液体辅助授粉技术研究及应用  

Study and Application of Liquid Pollination Technology of Camellia oleifera

作　　者：徐安糠 赵凯旋 魏玮 刘文平 晏巧[2] 娄利华[2] 黄敦元 XU Ankang;ZHAO Kaixuan;WEI Wei;LIU Wenping;YAN Qiao;LOU Lihua;HUANG Dunyuan(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331;Chongqing Academy of Forestry,Chongqing 400036,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学重庆市媒介昆虫重点实验室,重庆401331 [2]重庆市林业科学研究院,重庆400036

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期122-128,共7页Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.31970484);“成渝地区双城经济圈建设”科技创新项目(No.KJCX2020021);重庆市科技兴林重大专项项目(No.ZD 2022-1);重庆市现代农业产业技术体系(No.CQMAITS202316)。

摘　　要：为探索液体辅助授粉技术在油茶(Camellia oleifera)生产中的可行性和应用条件,于2020年9月—2022年3月先后在重庆秀山、酉阳以及湖南道县、江西鄱阳选取4个样地,为探索液体辅助授粉技术在油茶(Camellia oleifera)生产中的可行性和应用条件分别开展油茶人工和无人机液体辅助授粉的大田试验,并测算该技术与自然授粉的坐果率差值即坐果率提升效果。研究结果显示:1)在重庆秀山、湖南道县和江西鄱阳的样地采用人工液体辅助授粉后,油茶坐果率提升效果分别为24.45%、25.65%和14.08%,2)在江西鄱阳的样地采用人工液体辅助授粉后,不同油茶品种间的坐果率提升效果无统计学意义上的差异;3)在重庆酉阳的样地采用无人机液体辅助授粉后,油茶坐果率提升效果为5.63%~27.01%,无人机液体辅助授粉作业最佳的飞行高度和花粉稀释比分别为3.5 m和0.08%。研究结果提示相较于传统自然授粉途径,液体辅助授粉技术能有效提升油茶的坐果率从而弥补前者之不足;与人工液体辅助授粉相比,无人机液体辅助授粉操作方便、简单快捷、更适合在大面积山地开展。In order to explore the application of liquid assisted pollination technology in the production of Camellia oleifera,four sample plots were selected successively in Xiushan County and Youyang County in Chongqing,Daoxian County in Hunan and Poyang County in Jiangxi from September 2020 to March 2022,liquid pollination had been carried out successively.Field experiments of artificial liquid pollination and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) liquid pollination of C.oleifera were carried out in C.oleifera production,and the difference in fruit setting rate between this technology and natural pollination were calculated,which is the effect of improving fruit setting rate.The results showed that:1) in Xiushan,Chongqing,Daoxian,Hunan and Poyang,Jiangxi,artificial liquid assisted pollination increased the fruit setting rate of C.oleifera by 24.45%,25.65% and 14.08%,respectively;2) after artificial liquid-assisted pollination in Poyang,Jiangxi,there was no statistically significant difference in the fruiting rate improvement effects between different oil tea varieties;3) UAV liquid assisted pollination could increase the fruit setting rate of C.oleifera by 5.63%~27.01% in Youyang,Chongqing,and the optimal flight height of liquid pollination of UAV was 3.5 m,and the optimal pollen dilution ratio was 0.08%.The results suggest that compared with the traditional natural pollination approaches,liquid assisted pollination can effectively improve the fruit setting rate of Camellia oleifera to make up for the shortcomings of the former;compared with artificial liquid-assisted pollination,UAV liquid-assisted pollination is convenient,simple and fast,and is more suitable for carrying out in large areas of mountainous areas.

关 键 词：油茶 液体辅助授粉 无人机 坐果率 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学] S565.9[农业科学—作物学]