考古遗址中食用家犬遗存的判断方法  

Methods for Determining the Remains of Edible Domestic Dogs in Archaeological Sites

作　　者：武钰娟 Wu Yujuan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学

出　　处：《农业考古》2024年第1期23-30,共8页Agricultural Archaeology

摘　　要：考古遗址中的食用家犬遗存主要可以通过三个方面进行辨别。首先,从遗址中出土的家犬骨骼本身出发,利用完整度、表面痕迹、年龄结构等指标加以判断,尤其重视能反映料理行为的切割痕、划痕、灼烧痕和敲砸痕。其次,从家犬骨骼出土的考古背景来考虑,与其他可食用的动、植物共存的家犬,以及被放置在炊煮或存放食品的遗存中的狗骨,都有可能体现该遗址的家犬是肉食资源。除此之外,作为祭肉的狗、被制作成骨器的狗骨,残留在石器上的犬类DNA和保留在墓葬腹土中的人犬共患寄生虫,都能够在一定程度上佐证家犬的食用功能。Edible domestic dog remains in archaeological sites can be identified through three main ways.Firstly,from the domestic dog skeletons excavated from the sites,they can be judged by using indicators such as completeness,surface marks,and age structure,with particular emphasis on cut marks,scratch marks,burn marks,and smash marks that reflect cooking behaviors.Secondly,considering the archaeological context in which the domestic dog bones were excavated,the coexistence of domestic dogs with other edible animals and plants,as well as dog bones placed in the remains of cooking or food storage,are likely to reflect the presence of domestic dogs as a meat resource at the site.In addition,dogs used as food for rituals,dog bones made into bone tools,canine DNA left on stone tools and canine parasites preserved in the burial ventral soil are all able to corroborate to some extent the edible function of domestic dogs.

关 键 词：家犬 肉食资源 动物考古 史前 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]