黑龙江寒地黑土区10种燕麦饲草品质分析与评价  

Quality analysis and evaluation of ten varieties of oat forages in the cold and black soil regions of Heilongjiang

作　　者：贾傲梅 李海贤[1] 白朕银 龚丽萍 常福祥 王明君[1] JIA Aomei;LI Haixian;BAI Zhenyin;GONG Liping;CHANG Fuxiang;WANG Mingjun(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2024年第2期93-98,共6页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：黑龙江省留学回国人员择优项目(2021294);东北农业大学学术骨干项目(21XG31);哈尔滨市科技创新人才专项(2016RAQXJ086)。

摘　　要：为了筛选出适宜在黑龙江寒地黑土区种植的优质燕麦品种,试验以10种优质燕麦为引种材料,采用随机区组设计,在燕麦蜡熟期进行干草产量测定,采用近红外光谱分析技术测定燕麦粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、干物质(DM)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、30 h NDF可消化率(30 h dNDF)和48 h体外干物质不可消化率(48 h IVDMD)等营养指标,计算其相对饲喂价值(RFV)、相对饲草品质(RFQ)、总可消化养分(TDN)和产奶净能(NEL),并采用灰色关联度分析方法对产量和营养指标进行综合评价。结果表明:林纳燕麦(Avena sativa L. Lena)的干草产量为9 593.23 kg/hm~2,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);莫妮卡燕麦(Avena sativa L. Monida)的CP含量最高,青引1号燕麦(Avena sativa L. Qingyin No.1)的DM、ADF和NDF含量最高;定燕2号燕麦(Avena sativa L. Dingyan No.2)的RFV、RFQ、TDN和NEL最高。RFV、RFQ、TDN和NEL均与ADF和NDF呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与48 h IVDMD呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与干草产量、CP、DM相关性不显著(P>0.05);定燕2号燕麦的加权关联度最高。说明定燕2号燕麦综合值最高,营养品质最好,可作为该地区的优质燕麦品种推广种植。In order to select the high-quality oat varieties suitable for planting in the cold and black soil regions of Heilongjiang,ten kinds of high-quality oats were used as introduction materials in this experiment.Using random block design,hay yield was measured at the wax ripening stage of oats.The nutritional indexes such as crude protein(CP),crude fat(EE),crude ash(Ash),dry matter(DM),acid detergent fiber(ADF),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),NDF digestibility in the 30 h(30 h dNDF)and dry matter digestibility in the 48 h in vitro(48 hIVDMD)were determined by near infrared spectroscopy.The relative feeding value(RFV),relative forage quality(RFQ),total digestible nutrients(TDN)and net energy for milk production(NEL)were calculated,and the yield and nutritional indexes were comprehensively evaluated by grey correlation analysis method.The results showed that the hay yield of Avena sativa L.Lena was 9593.23 kg/hm²,which was significantly higher than that of other varieties(P<0.05).The CP content of Avena sativa L.Monida was the highest,and the DM,ADF and NDF contents of Avena sativa L.Qingyin No.1 were the highest.Avena sativa L.Dingyan No.2 had the highest RFV,RFQ,TDN and NEL.The RFV,RFQ,TDN and NEL were significantly negatively correlated with ADF and NDF(P<O.O1),and significantly positively correlated with 48 h IVDMD(P<0.01),but not significantly correlated with hay yield,CP and DM(P>0.05).The weighted correlation degree of Dingyan No.2 oat was the highest.It indicated that Dingyan No.2 had the highest comprehensive value and the best nutritional quality,which could be used as a high-quality oat variety to promote planting in this area.

关 键 词：燕麦 干草产量 营养成分 饲喂价值 综合评价 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]