自动紧急制动对公交车内儿童乘员颅脑损伤影响  

Effects of Autonomous Emergency Braking on Brain Injury of Pediatric Occupants in Buses

作　　者：崔世海[1,2] 高伟 李海岩 贺丽娟[1,2] 阮世捷 吕文乐[1,2] CUI Shihai;GAO Wei;LI Haiyan;HE Lijuan;RUAN Shijie;LÜWenle(College of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300222,China;International Research Association on Emerging Automotive Safety Technology,Tianjin 300222,China)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学机械工程学院,天津300222 [2]现代汽车安全技术天津国际联合研究中心,天津300222

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2023年第6期1241-1247,共7页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0807203)。

摘　　要：目的研究自动紧急制动(autonomous emergency braking,AEB)对公交车内儿童乘员的颅脑损伤影响。方法使用Prescan软件搭建公交车AEB测试场景,通过仿真得到60 km/h初速度下公交车AEB制动工况下的减速度曲线。基于已经验证的公交车模型和具有详细解剖学头部结构的6岁儿童混合有限元模型,选取车内儿童乘员典型的4个乘坐位置,使用LS-DYNA软件对公交车有、无AEB制动工况下儿童乘员头部损伤进行仿真。以儿童乘员头部损伤指标HIC_(15)、大脑灰质处压力、脑组织von Mises应力及剪切应力作为损伤评价指标,对儿童乘员的颅脑损伤进行分析。结果各组仿真试验中,位置1和2前方设置挡板时,儿童乘员大脑灰质处压力超过其损伤阈值,其余各位置儿童乘员的各项损伤指标均远小于对应的损伤阈值。结论AEB能有效降低公交车内儿童乘员头部碰撞损伤,公交车内位置3处的儿童容易发生碰撞损伤风险,位置1、2处设置广告牌挡板会增加儿童乘员的颅脑损伤风险。Objective To study the effect of autonomous emergency braking(AEB) on brain injury of pediatric occupants in buses.Methods The bus AEB test scene was developed by using Prescan software.The deceleration curve under the bus AEB condition at initial speed of 60 km/h was obtained by the simulation method.Based on the validated finite element(FE) bus model and the mixed FE model of a 6-year-old child with detailed anatomic head structure,four typical seating positions in the bus were selected,and the head injury of pediatric occupants seated in these positions with and without AEB conditions was simulated with LS-DYNA software.The craniocerebral injury of pediatric occupants was analyzed by using HIC_(15) of pediatric occupants,pressure at gray matter of the brain,von Mises stress and shear stress of brain tissues as the injury evaluation indicators.Results In simulation test of each group,when the baffle was set in front of Positions 1 and 2,the pressure at gray matter of the brain for pediatric occupants exceeded its injury threshold,while various injury indicators of pediatric occupants at other positions were far smaller than the corresponding injury thresholds.Conclusions The AEB can effectively reduce head impact injury severity of pediatric occupants in buses.The pediatric occupants at Position 3 in the bus are prone to a higher impact head injury risk.The billboard baffle set at Positions 1 and 2 in the bus can increase the head injury risk of pediatric occupants.

关 键 词：自动紧急制动 公交车 儿童乘员 有限元仿真 颅脑损伤 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]