旋转圆环槽中珠子的动力学性质研究  

Study on dynamic properties of beads in rotating ring groove

作　　者：黄欣雅 王本阳 王新顺 潘玉寨 刘一 王先杰[2] HUANG Xinya;WANG Benyang;WANG Xinshun;PAN Yuzhai;LIU Yi;WANG Xianjie(School of Science,Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai),Weihai 264209,China;School of Physics,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学(威海)理学院,山东威海264209 [2]哈尔滨工业大学物理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《物理实验》2024年第2期52-57,63,共7页Physics Experimentation

基　　金：教育部高等学校大学物理课程教学指导委员会资助项目(No.DWJZW202227hd);教育部产学合作协同育人项目(No.220606071140728)。

摘　　要：从非惯性系下的质心运动定理出发,建立空间转动坐标系,研究了珠子在绕竖直轴旋转的圆环槽中相对于环的运动所对应的理论,包括珠子相对于底部和侧壁的不同状态的运动方程,滚滑运动和纯滚动之间的转换条件,运动过程中的科里奥利力以及珠子的平衡位置.实验中忽略空气阻力和非弹性碰撞对珠子运动的影响,研究了环转速、环中心到珠子球心的距离和滑动摩擦系数对珠子运动进程和平衡位置的影响.采用珠子位于环槽内部的简化模型,增加了珠子运动的自由度.Starting from the motion law of the center of mass in the non-inertial frame,a space rotation coordinate system was established,and the theory on the motion of the bead relative to the ring in a circular groove rotating around the vertical axis was studied,including the equations of motion describing the different states of the bead relative to the bottom and side walls and the transition conditions between rolling and sliding motion and pure rolling,as well as the Coriolis force during motion and the equilibrium position of the bead.The effects of three parameters,including the rotational speed of the ring,the distance from the center of the ring to the center of the bead and the coefficient of sliding friction on bead movement process and the equilibrium position of the bead were investigated experimentally.The simplified model that the bead was situated on the bottom of the groove was adopted,where the free degreee of the motion of the bead was increased.

关 键 词：珠子动力学 纯滚动 滚滑运动 科里奥利力 

分 类 号：O313[理学—一般力学与力学基础]