信仰的信用、肉体的思想与积极的末日观——对“二战”后初期荒正人主体性论、世代论的一种解读  

Credibility of Faith,Corporeal Thought,and Positive Views on“Shūmatsu No Hi”-An Interpretation of Ara Masahito’s Subjectivity and Generational Assertion in the Early Post-warⅡ

作　　者：王升远[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学外文学院,上海200433

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期36-47,共12页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“战后日本文学界的战争责任论争及其思想史位相”(18AWW003)。

摘　　要：荒正人作为“二战”后日本文学界诸多论争的实际策划者和推动者,战后初期在其主导的《近代文学》等阵地上发起了“政治与文学”论争。他超越左右阵营,以“三十岁一代”的代言者姿态,对文坛前辈们发起整体性的批判。他强调应通过“肉体的思想化”,以转向体验和战争体验为媒介,反思战前、战时放弃信仰抑或曾协力了军国主义的“四十岁一代”之意识形态主张,拒绝盲信、盲从“主义”,以此实现对战前、战时日本马克思主义和自由主义的双重扬弃,直指对战后文学主导权之争夺。面对战败“末日”,他以战争体验、战败终局为经验前提,对发展主义和进步主义提出质疑;同时强调应对战败“末日”持积极的认知态度,不惮挥别传统、从头再来。荒正人所代表的《近代文学》同人以事实以及跨战争的思想、言行连贯性为依据,在道德层面发起了对文坛前辈战争责任的追究,发出了每个人应自我革命、自我反省的呼吁;这与新日本文学会以其自身主导权为自明前提、以阵营区分为特征而指向他人的自我批判要求大异其趣,双方终而走向敌对亦是必然。二战后至今,战争责任问题在日本逐渐虚无化,回到战后初期的原点对此虚无化路径做实证性考察本身是必要的,文章也希望以此为战后日本文学史、思想史的研究探寻一种新的思路。During the early post-war,Ara Masahito,as the major role who planned and advanced numerous debates within the post-war Japanese literary arena,spearheaded plenty discussions such as“Politics and Literature Debate”in influential plat-forms under his guidance like Kindai Bungaku.Beyond the left-right divide,Ara Masahito positioned himself as the spokesper-son for the thirties and launched a comprehensive critique of literary predecessors.Ara Masahito,through the ideological transfor-mation of human body and taking experiences related to tenkō(conversion)and the war as the medium,emphasized unthinking the ideological assertions the people in their forties who either abandoned their faith before and during the war or collaborated with militarism.He adamantly refused blind faith and adherence to doctrines,in order to achieve the double sublation of both Japa-nese Marxism and Liberalism before and during the war,and also point straightly at the fight for dominance of post-war litera-ture.By referring to Japan’s defeat as“Shūmatsu no hi”(the final days),he questioned developmentalism and progressivism,based on his war experiences and the inevitability of defeat.He also stressed a positive cognitive attitude towards the“Shūmatsu no hi”,willingly bidding farewell to tradition and starting anew.Ara Masahito,representing the members of Kindai Bungaku,questioned the war responsibilities of literary predecessors on the moral level based on established facts and the across-war coher-ence of thought and actions,urging each individual to engage in self-revolution and self-reflection.This stands in stark contrast to Shin Nihon Bungakkai,who directed their self-criticism towards others based on their assumed leadership as a self-evident premise and faction as a feature,inevitably leading to hostility between the two sides.Since the post-war,the issue of war respon-sibility has gradually been diluted in Japan.Therefore,it is essential to return to the origins of the post-war period and empirical-ly examining this p

关 键 词：荒正人 主体性论 世代论 战争体验 战争责任 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]