《民法典》居住权设立与存续的规范与限缩——以防范居住权的滥用为视角  

Regulations and Restrictions on the Establishment and Existence of Residence Rights in Civil Code--From the Perspective of Preventing the Abuse of the Right of Residence

作　　者：武云龙 WU Yunlong(School of Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Putuo Shanghai 200333,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海普陀区200333

出　　处：《四川职业技术学院学报》2024年第1期89-95,共7页Journal of Sichuan Vocational and Technical College

摘　　要：《民法典》加入居住权的立法目的在于发挥居住权对住房保障的功能,满足社会弱势群体的住房需求。随着各地不动产登记机关相继开展居住权登记,居住权已经从立法层面走入现实。但是现有法律对于居住权的规范太过宽松,存在滥用居住权逃避债务履行与转用于债权担保领域替代所有权让与担保,演化为投机牟利工具的可能。为使居住权贯彻于其立法目的,排除对居住权的滥用行为,围绕“满足生活居住的需要”这一核心目标,可通过对居住权设立和消灭规则的细化。以稳定住所的唯一性原则和权利及时消灭原则,可最大程度地避免居住权滥用的情况,为居住权从立法层面走向实际运用提供指导。The legislative purpose of adding the right of residence to the Civil Code is to give full play to the function of housing security of the right of residence to meet the housing needs of socially disadvantaged groups.As the real estate registration agencies in various places have successively carried out the registration of the right of residence,the right of residence has come into reality from the legislative level.However,the existing laws on the right of residence are too loose,and there is a possibility that the right to abuse the right of residence to evade debt performance and transfer it to the field of creditor's rights guarantee instead of transfer of ownership and guarantee may evolve into a speculative tool for profit-making.In order to implement the right of residence for its legislative purpose,to exclude the abuse of the right of residence,and to focus on the core goal of"meeting the needs of living",the rules for establishing and eliminating the right of residence should be refined.With the principle of the uniqueness of stable residence and the principle of timely elimination of rights,the abuse of the right of residence can be avoided to the greatest extent,and it can provide guidance for the right of residence to move from the legislative level to the practical application.

关 键 词：居住权 权利滥用 住房保障 用益权 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]