黏土矿物-微生物相互作用机理以及在环境领域中的应用  

Interactions between clay minerals and microbes:Mechanisms and applications in environmental remediation

作　　者：董海良[1,2] 曾强 刘邓 盛益之[1] 刘晓磊[1,4] 刘源 胡景龙 李扬[1,2] 夏庆银[5] 李润洁 胡大福[1,2] 张冬磊 张文慧 郭东毅 张晓文 DONG Hailiang;ZENG Qiang;LIU Deng;SHENG Yizhi;LIU Xiaolei;LIU Yuan;HU Jinglong;LI Yang;XIA Qingyin;LI Runjie;HU Dafu;ZHANG Donglei;ZHANG Wenhui;GUO Dongyi;ZHANG Xiaowen(Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research,State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;School of Ocean Sciences,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy,CNNC,Beijing 101149;School of Water Resources and Environment,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室地质微生物与生物地球化学研究中心,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [3]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430074 [4]中国地质大学(北京)海洋学院,北京100083 [5]核工业北京化工冶金研究院,北京101149 [6]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2024年第1期467-485,共19页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42192500,42192503)。

摘　　要：黏土矿物与微生物在自然环境中广泛共存。二者之间的相互作用影响着环境中的能量流动与元素循环。黏土矿物能够给微生物提供物理或化学保护,提高微生物对外界胁迫和干扰的抵抗能力。黏土矿物同时还能给微生物提供营养元素,促进其新陈代谢过程。黏土矿物中的结构铁是微生物铁氧化还原循环的重要电子供/受体。在氧化还原的环境中,多种铁还原/铁氧化细菌可以通过还原氧化黏土矿物中的结构Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ),进而获得能量进行生长。在氧化还原过程中,微生物也可以通过溶解、转化、沉淀等作用改变黏土矿物的晶格结构及物相,或是产生新的次生矿物。黏土矿物-微生物相互作用在碳、氮、硅、磷等重要生命元素的地球化学循环中扮演着重要角色。黏土矿物可以通过吸附有机碳,降低有机碳的生物可利用性,减缓其矿化速率。在氧化还原波动的环境中,黏土矿物还可以通过活化分子氧,产生强氧化性自由基氧化降解有机质,提高其生物可利用性。黏土矿物还会吸附生物胞外酶,影响胞外酶降解有机质的效率。微生物通过耦合黏土矿物中铁氧化与硝酸盐还原,铁还原与氨氧化等过程影响氮循环。黏土矿物对磷的吸附以及风化过程中硅的释放影响着微生物的代谢活性。黏土矿物-微生物相互作用在重金属固化稳定、有机污染物降解、杀死病原菌等方面也有广泛的应用。Clay minerals and microbes co-exist in natural environments,and their interaction can influence energy flow and element cycling.Clay minerals provide microbes with physical/chemical protection against environmental stress,as well as nutrients boosting their metabolism.Structural iron in clay mineral is an important electron acceptor/donor for iron-reducing/oxidizing microbes,where in redox environment many iron-reducing/oxidizing bacteria can reduce/oxidize structural Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)in clay minerals as they gain energy from the redox process.During such process redox microbes can alter the atomic structure of clay minerals through dissolution,transformation and precipitation where secondary minerals are also produced.Clay mineral-microbe interaction plays important role in geochemical cycling of carbon,nitrogen,silicon and phosphorus.Clay mineral can reduce organic carbon bioavailability and mineralization rate through adsorption;whereas under fluctuating redox conditions it can activate molecular oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species to degrade organic matters thus increasing their bioavailability.Through adsorption clay mineral can also reduce extracellular enzyme activity in organic matter degradation.Microbes can affect nitrogen cycling in clays by coupling iron oxidation(reduction)with nitrate reduction(ammonia oxidation)in clay.Phosphorus adsorption on clays and silicon release during weathering can affect the metabolic activity of microbes.Clay mineral-microbe interaction can find a wide range of application in heavy metal stabilization,organic pollutant degradation and sterilization.

关 键 词：黏土矿物 微生物 相互作用 元素循环 能量 电子传递 氧化还原 环境治理 

分 类 号：P57[天文地球—矿物学] P593[天文地球—地质学] X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]