高等教育中如何应用ChatGPT类生成式人工智能——联合国教科文组织《高等教育中的ChatGPT和人工智能:快速入门指南》解析  

How to Apply ChatGPT-based Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education——An Interpretation of ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education:Quick Start Guide by UNESCO

作　　者：刘勇 徐佳慧 董跃武[3] 苏福根[4] Yong LIU;Jiahui XU;Yuewu DONG;Fugen SU(College of Humanities,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 102206;BUPT-RAINIER Joint Laboratory of Virtual Reality Innovation Technology and Application,Beijing 100876;School of Network Education,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100088;Research Division,Center for Eiducation Management Information of the Ministry of Education,P.R.China,Beijing 100816)

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学人文学院、北邮-润尼尔虚拟现实创新技术与应用联合实验室,北京102206 [2]北京邮电大学人文学院,北京102206 [3]北京邮电大学网络教育学院,北京100088 [4]教育部教育管理信息中心研究处,北京100816

出　　处：《中国教育信息化》2024年第2期71-80,共10页Chinese Journal of ICT in Education

基　　金：教育部2020年第一批产学合作协同育人项目“面向新工科虚拟仿真实验教学项目的评价系统研究与设计”(编号:709700083);教育部教育管理信息中心教育管理与决策研究服务专项2023年度委托课题“国外人工智能教育战略研究及其数据库建设”(编号:MOE-CIEM-20230017)。

摘　　要：ChatGPT引发的浪潮在为高等教育带来变革与创新的同时,也使高等教育面临着新问题与新挑战。为此,联合国教科文组织于2023年4月发布《高等教育中的ChatGPT和人工智能:快速入门指南》,用以阐释ChatGPT如何应用于高等教育。通过对该指南的深入解读,详细分析了ChatGPT在高等教育中的教学、科研、管理、社区参与等方面的应用变革,并从学术诚信、监管问题、隐私问题、认知偏差、性别与多样化、可访问性、商业化等七个方面探讨了ChatGPT给高等教育带来的挑战和伦理问题。最后,提出高等教育机构如何使用ChatGPT的可行性建议:谨慎而有创造性地使用ChatGPT、构建理解和管理ChatGPT的能力、进行人工智能审核等,旨在为我国高等教育机构应用ChatGPT可能面临的机遇和挑战提供经验和启示,并为推动ChatGPT向可持续、公正和合乎伦理的方向发展提供借鉴与参考。The wave triggered by ChatGPT not only brings changes and innovations to higher education,but also challenges and even new issues.In April 2023,UNESCO published ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education:Quick Start Guide to explain how ChatGPT can be used in higher education.Through the in-depth interpretation of the guide,the application changes of ChatGPT in teaching and learning,research,administration and community engagement in higher education are analyzed in detail.It also discusses the challenges and ethical implications of ChatGPT in higher education from seven aspects:academic integrity,regulatory issues,privacy concerns,cognitive bias,gender and diversity,accessibility and commercialization,and finally puts forward feasible suggestions for higher education institutions to use ChatGPT:Use ChatGPT with care and creativity,build capacity to understand and manage ChatGPT,Conduct an AI audit to provide experience and inspiration for the opportunities and challenges that ChatGPT may face in the application of higher education institutions in our country,and to provide references for the development of ChatGPT in a sustainable,just and ethical direction.

关 键 词：人工智能 高等教育 生成式人工智能 伦理风险 聊天机器人 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]