优质山乌桕蜂蜜生产及其成分分析  

Production Production and Composition Analysis of High-quality Triadica cochinchinensis Honey

作　　者：江慧枝 江武军 李震 钟史清 何旭江[1,2] 颜伟玉 席芳贵[3] 吴卫民 曾志将 JIANG Huizhi;JIANG Wujun;LI Zhen;ZHONG Shiqing;HE Xujiang;YAN Weiyu;XI Fanggui;WU Weimin;ZENG Zhijiang(Institute of Honeybee,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi ProvincialKey Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi Provincial Instituteof Apiculture,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi Weimin Honey Bee Garden Co.,Ltd.,Jiujiang,Jiangxi330305,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省蜜蜂生物学与饲养重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [3]江西省养蜂研究所,江西南昌330052 [4]江西省卫民蜜蜂园有限公司,江西九江330305

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2023年第6期1473-1485,共13页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1600202);国家蜂产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-44-KXJ15)

摘　　要：【目的】山乌桕(Triadica cochinchinensis)是江西省最主要蜜源植物之一。山乌桕蜂蜜在江西省年产量最多,但由于目前生产的山乌桕蜂蜜含水量高,易发酵变质,且容易出现结晶分层现象,导致山乌桕蜂蜜售价较低,甚至滞销。研究拟从养蜂生产源头上,通过饲养多箱体强群生产优质山乌桕蜂蜜,同时分析山乌桕蜂蜜成分,旨在提高山乌桕蜂蜜的质量和销量。【方法】在山乌桕流蜜期,以西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)为试验材料,利用智能蜂箱饲养两箱体和多箱体蜂群,记录蜂群日均增重、温度和相对湿度,统计两箱体和多箱体蜂群的山乌桕蜂蜜总产量、波美度和含水量;测定于两箱体和多箱体蜂群取的24 h水蜜、正在封盖蜂蜜和封盖大于15 d蜂蜜3个不同成熟度的山乌桕蜂蜜基本成分;对山乌桕蜂蜜、油菜蜂蜜、枣花蜂蜜等10种蜂蜜进行基本成分测定;对山乌桕蜂蜜、洋槐蜂蜜、荆条蜂蜜等12种蜂蜜进行非靶向代谢组学分析。【结果】多箱体蜂群日均增重显著高于两箱体蜂群(P<0.05),但两者的日均温度、相对湿度都无显著差异(P>0.05);多箱体蜂群的蜂蜜群产量比两箱体蜂群提高160%(P<0.05),但两者的蜂蜜波美度和含水量均无显著差异(P<0.05);随着山乌桕蜂蜜成熟度增加,蜂蜜中果糖和葡萄糖含量、色值、Zn含量逐渐增加,而含水量逐渐减少,且都存在显著差异(P<0.05);山乌桕蜂蜜中矿物质Fe、Zn含量显著高于其他9种蜂蜜(P<0.05),但山乌桕蜂蜜的淀粉酶活性和酸度都偏低;通过非靶向代谢组学分析得到的PLS-DA模型可以有效区分山乌桕蜂蜜和其他11种蜂蜜;通过差异代谢物筛选鉴定分析-MS/MS总共鉴定到207种化合物,在山乌桕蜂蜜中显著上调的差异代谢物有组氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺、维生素H3、月桂酸、芳樟醇、磷酸胆碱、天冬酰胺、果糖-1-磷酸等。【结论】饲养多[Objective]Triadica cochinchinensis is one of the most important honey source plants in Jiangxi Province.T.cochinchinensis honey has the largest annual production in Jiangxi Province,but the current T.cochinchinensis honey has a high-water content and is easy to ferment,deteriorate,crystallize and stratificate,resulting in a very low selling price,or even stagnation in the sale.This study intends to produce high-quality T.cochinchinensis honey by rearing strong colonies with skyscraper hive and analyzed the composition of T.cochinchinensis honey,with the aim of improving the quality and sales of T.cochinchinensis honey.[Method]During the nectar flow period of T.cochinchinensis,Western honey bees(Apis mellifera)were used as the experimental materials.Double hive and skyscraper hive colonies were reared by using intelligent beehives.The average daily weight gain,temperature,and relative humidity of the colonies were recorded.The total production,the Baume degree,and the moisture content of the double hive and skyscraper hive colonies were counted;the basic components of T.cochinchinensis honey with three different maturity levels,including 24h water honey,capping honey,and honey capped for more than 15 days,were determined.10 types of honey,including T.cochinchinensis honey,Brassica napus honey,Ziziphus jujuba Mill honey etc,were subjected to the determination of basic components,and 12 types of honey,including T.cochinchinensis honey,Robinia pseudoacacia L honey,Vitex negundo Linn.var.heterophylla honey etc,were subjected to untargeted metabolomics analyses.[Result]The average daily weight gain of skyscraper hive colonies was significantly higher than that of double hive colonies(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in the average daily temperature and relative humidity between skyscraper hive colonies and double hive colonies(P>0.05);the honey colony yield of the skyscraper hive colonies was 160%higher than that of the double hive colonies(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in the hone

关 键 词：山乌桕 蜂蜜 多箱体饲养 成分分析 

分 类 号：S896.1[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]