北细辛精油对桔小实蝇杀虫活性及其机理研究  

Study on the Insecticidal Activity and Mechanism of Essential oil of Asarum heterotropoides Against Bactrocera dorsalis

作　　者：孙宇婷 李雪[3] 张国华 王艺达 马洪雪 金彩玉 杜熙博 张颖慧 张琳[1,2,5,6] SUN Yu-ting;LI Xue;ZHANG Guo-hua(Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology,Ministry of Education/College of Chemistry,Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150040;Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150040;College of Chemistry,Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150040)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学化学化工与资源利用学院/森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省林源活性物质生态利用重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [3]东北林业大学化学化工与资源利用学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [4]东北林业大学奥林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [5]东北林业大学化学化工与资源利用学院/林业生物制剂教育部工程研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [6]东北林业大学化学化工与资源利用学院/生物资源生态利用国家地方工程中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第4期128-132,156,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：东北林业大学大学生省级创新训练计划项目(202210-225509);国家林草局野生植物保护管理项目(2019073060)。

摘　　要：[目的]对北细辛精油对桔小实蝇的熏蒸和触杀的杀虫活性进行研究,并初步确定北细辛精油对桔小实蝇的杀虫机理,旨在寻找天然有效的植物源杀虫剂。[方法]采用密闭熏蒸法和微量点滴法测定北细辛精油对桔小实蝇的熏蒸及触杀活性,采用微板法测定北细辛精油对桔小实蝇体内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)活力的影响。[结果]在杀虫活性试验中,随着北细辛精油浓度的增加,杀虫效果均逐渐增强,且随着时间的延长,毒性也均逐渐增强;在熏蒸试验中,当浓度为1mL/L且处理时间为12h时,校正死亡率达到最大为100%;在触杀试验中,当浓度为156.25μL/L且处理时间为12 h,校正死亡率达到最大为100%;对桔小实蝇进行熏蒸处理、触杀处理12h的LC_(50)分别为0.243 mL/L、30.884μL/L;用固定浓度为156.25μL/L的北细辛精油处理桔小实蝇不同时间后,其体内AchE和CarE整体均表现为抑制作用,用不同浓度的北细辛精油处理桔小实蝇8 h后,虫体内的AchE呈现低浓度诱导高浓度抑制的作用,北细辛精油对桔小实蝇体内CarE的抑制作用随着浓度的增大而不断增强。[结论]北细辛精油对桔小实蝇有较好的触杀和熏蒸活性,且触杀活性较强,北细辛精油对桔小实蝇体内的AchE和CarE均有抑制作用。该研究为天然植物源杀虫剂的研发提供理论依据。[Objective]To study the insecticidal activities of essential oil of Asarum heterotropoides against Bactrocera dorsalis by fumigation and touch-killing,and preliminarily determine the insecticidal mechanism of the essential oil of Asarum heterotropoides against Bactrocera dorsalis,aimed to find natural and effective botanical insecticides.[Method]The fumigation activity and touch-killing activity of the essential oil against Bactrocera dorsalis were determined by closed fumigation method and micro spot method,the effects of essential oil of Asarum heterotropoides on acetylcholinesterase(AchE)and carboxylesterase(CarE)activities in Bactrocera dorsalis were determined by microplate method.[Result]In the insecticidal activity experiment,with the increase of the concentration of the essential oil of Asarum heterotropoides,the insecticidal effect was gradually enhanced,and with the extension of time,the toxicity was also gradually enhanced.In the fumigation experiment,when the concentration was 1 mL/L and the treatment time was 12 h,the corrected mortality rate reached the maximum of 100%.In the touch-killing experiment,when the concentration was 156.25μL/L and the treatment time was 12 h,the corrected mortality rate reached the maximum of 100%.The LC_(50)of Bactrocera dorsalis treated with fumigation and touch-killing for 12 h were 0.243 mL/L and 30.884μL/L.After treating Bactrocera dorsalis with a fixed concentration of essential oil(156.25μL/L)for different time,AchE and CarE in Bactrocera dorsalis were inhibited as a whole.After treating Bactrocera dorsalis with different concentrations of essential oil for 8 h,the AchE in worm showed induction effect at low concentration and inhibition effect at high concentration.The inhibitory effect of essential oil of Asarum heterotropoides on AchE in Bactrocera dorsalis increased with the increase of concentration.[Conclusion]The essential oil of Asarum heterotropoides has good fumigation and touch-killing activities against Bactrocera dorsalis,and has stronger touch-killi

关 键 词：北细辛 精油 桔小实蝇 乙酰胆碱酯酶 羧酸酯酶 

分 类 号：S763.41[农业科学—森林保护学]