留守还是流动?--家庭化迁移对儿童认知能力和非认知能力的影响  

Left behind or Migration?--The Impacts of Family Migration on Cognitive Ability and Non-cognitive Ability of Children

作　　者：崔颖 徐卓君 CUI Ying;XU Zhuojun(School of Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China;School of Business,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学经济学院,北京100070 [2]山东大学商学院,山东威海264209

出　　处：《人口与发展》2024年第1期96-109,共14页Population and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“子代特征对老年人福利的异质性影响及作用机制--基于代际支持供需匹配的视角”(72103148);北京市社会科学基金青年项目“迁移决策对子女非认知能力发展的代际影响及机制研究”(20SRC015);北京市教委社科一般项目“数字反哺视角下老年数字鸿沟的成因、机制及对策研究”(SM202210038013)。

摘　　要：近年来,人口城镇化进程的加快得益于大规模进城务工的流动人口,这同时也引发了学者对其子女流动儿童与留守儿童问题的关注。现有文献关于家庭化迁移过程对儿童人力资本影响效应的研究结论并不清晰,因此本文基于2010—2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,使用工具变量法探讨了迁移对儿童认知能力和非认知能力的影响。结果显示,迁移可显著提高儿童的认知能力约0.051个标准差,提高非认知能力约0.032个标准差。通过进一步机制分析发现,相较于留守子女,父母对流动子女的教育支出和陪伴时间显著增加,这是流动儿童人力资本水平提高的重要原因。此外,本文在进一步探讨中聚焦于家庭化迁移对流动儿童中“离城不回乡”的再迁儿童的异质性影响,细化了流动儿童分类,拓展了现有研究对该群体的认识。In recent years,the rapid urbanization of the population has benefited from the large-scale migration of migrant workers to cities,which has simultaneously triggered scholars′attention to the issue of migrant children and left-behind children.The existing literature on the impact of family-based migration on children′s human capital is unclear.Using an instrumental variables approach based on data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)from 2010-2018,this paper explores the effects of migration on children′s cognitive and non-cognitive abilities.The results show that migration significantly improved children′s cognitive ability by about 0.051 standard deviations and non-cognitive ability by about 0.032 standard deviations.We found that parents spend more money and time with their migrant children than their left-behind children.In addition,this paper focuses on a specific subset of migrant children,known as re-migrant children.These children enroll in schools located in medium and small cities surrounding the cities where their parents live,instead of returning to their villages or staying in the major cities where their parents reside.

关 键 词：留守儿童 流动儿童 认知能力 非认知能力 工具变量法 

分 类 号：C913.5[经济管理]