微塑料的人体富集及毒性机制研究进展  

Human Accumulation and Toxic Effects of Microplastics:A Critical Review

作　　者：包亚博 王成尘 彭吾光 侬代倩 向萍 BAO Ya-bo;WANG Cheng-chen;PENG Wu-guang;NONG Dai-qian;XIANG Ping(Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health,School of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Yunnan Provincial Innovative Team of Environmental Pollution,Food Safety,and Human Health,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,环境修复与健康研究院,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学云南省环境污染与食品安全及人体健康创新团队,昆明650224

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第2期1173-1184,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：云南省农业基础研究联合专项重点项目(202101BD070001-023);国家林业和草原局林草科技创新青年拔尖人才项目(2020132613);国家自然科学基金项目(41967026);云南省高层次人才引进计划项目(YNQR-QNRC-2018-049);云南省创新团队项目(202005AE160017)。

摘　　要：微塑料(MPs)作为一种新型环境污染物已成为当下的研究热点,有关微塑料的人体健康风险和危害效应机制研究受到了广泛关注.微塑料不断地从环境中迁移并在人体内积累,其对人群暴露的3个主要途径为经口摄入、呼吸吸入和皮肤接触,主要暴露介质为食品、饮用水、灰尘和个人护理品.目前已在人体消化系统、呼吸系统、心血管系统和生殖系统的器官、体液及排泄物中检出微塑料,丰度范围为0~1206.94 n·g^(-1).现有的检测分析技术具有不同的适用范围、优势和不足,针对实验过程中可能污染样品的问题列举了实验室质量保证和质量控制的操作方法.基于动物实验、人体细胞和器官模型的研究阐述了微塑料对人体5大系统造成的潜在健康影响和作用机制,进入人体后,微塑料可能通过诱发细胞毒性、线粒体毒性、DNA损伤和细胞膜损伤等效应过程,进而在人体各系统中引发器官的局部炎症、菌群失调和代谢紊乱等严重后果,来危害各系统及相关器官的正常功能.最后,提出了现有研究中普遍存在的不足,可为未来微/纳米塑料对人体健康影响的研究提供方向.The effect of microplastics on the ecological environment and human health has become a topical issue,and research on the risks and harmful effects of MPs on human health in particular has attracted widespread attention.Due to the characteristics of small size,low degradability,and easy migration,MPs continuously migrate from the environment to the human body,and their main exposure pathways are oral ingestion,inhalation,and dermal contact,with the main exposure media being food,drinking water,dust,personal care products,etc.MPs have been detected in organs,fluids,and excreta of digestive,respiratory,cardiovascular,reproductive systems,etc.The abundance range of MPs in the human body is 0-1206.94 particles per gram.After entering the human body,MPs can cause cytotoxicity,mitochondrial toxicity,DNA damage,cell membrane damage,and other effects on human cells and organs,leading to serious consequences such as local inflammation,ecological imbalance,metabolic disorders,etc.,in various systems.Owing to their small specific surface area,they can also adsorb pollutants such as heavy metals,organic pollutants,antibiotics,pathogens,and harmful microorganisms,causing combined toxicity and immunotoxicity.In the end,we highlighted general deficiencies in existing studies and provided directions for future research on the influence of MPs on human health.

关 键 词：微塑料(MPs) 污染 暴露途径 人体富集 毒害效应 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]