宽容、善意与共在——诠释学的善意原则及其实践维度  

Tolerance,Goodwill and Coexistence——The Principle of Goodwill and Its Practical Dimension in Hermeneutics

作　　者：傅永军[1] FU Yong-jun

机构地区：[1]山东大学中国诠释学研究中心暨哲学与社会发展学院,济南250100

出　　处：《求是学刊》2023年第5期24-34,F0002,共12页Seeking Truth

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国经典诠释学基本文献整理与基本问题研究”(21&ZD054)。

摘　　要：宽容是现代社会中的一个重要概念,但并非是一种自足的应然价值观念。任何宽容行为在现实中都会遭遇到二难困境。通过诉诸更高位阶的价值范畴,宽容可以疏解困境,但不能一劳永逸地消除困境。诠释学将宽容问题的经验讨论转换为先验探究,追问宽容如何可能的根据,以善意概念解答宽容的“元”问题,探寻解除二难困境的道路。诠释学的宽容原则实际上是一种善意原则,它相信每个人都是有理性者,人们愿意以理服人,善意对待他者,要求在任何时候都要将善意保持在心灵中。诠释学的善意是一种信以为真的先验信念,而非一种规范行为的森严规则。它是一种力量,是一种出自良善心愿的力量。这种力量能够在跨文化对话中发挥积极作用,使得对话能够超越文化差异而获得一种言说文化普适性内涵的共同语言,探得不同文化间的共在方式。Tolerance is an important concept in modern society,but it is not a self-contained contingent value.Any act of tolerance encounters the dilemma in reality.By resorting to higher-order value categories,tolerance can ease the dilemma,but cannot eliminate it once and for all.Hermeneutics converts the empirical discussion of tolerance into an a priori enquiry,asking how tolerance is possible,answering the“meta”question of toler⁃ance with the concept of goodwill,and searching for a way out of the dilemma.The principle of tolerance in Hermeneutics is actually a principle of goodwill,which believes that everyone is rational,and that people are willing to convince others with reason and treat others with goodwill,requiring that goodwill be maintained in the mind at all times.Goodwill in hermeneutics is an a priori belief that is taken on faith,not a rigid rule gov⁃erning behaviour.It is a power,but a power born of goodwill.This power can play a positive role in cross-cultural dialogue,so that the dialogue can transcend cultural differences and obtain a common language to speak the connotation of cultural universality and explore the way of coexistence between different cultures.

关 键 词：宽容原则 善意 跨文化交流 对话 共在 

分 类 号：B089.2[哲学宗教—哲学理论] G115[文化科学]