从“星系”到“宇宙”——谢林哲学中的历史概念及其转变  

From“Galaxy”to“Universe”——The Concept of History and Its Transformation in Schelling’s Philosophy

作　　者：王丁 WANG Ding

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院,济南250100

出　　处：《求是学刊》2023年第5期46-54,共9页Seeking Truth

摘　　要：德国古典哲学的体系建构总是与“历史”联系在一起。笼统来看,体系的建构方式与历史的言说方式总是相互关联在一起,但在德国古典哲学的具体发展中,尤其以谢林和黑格尔为代表的体系建构主义者,则对于历史有着不同的构造方式,尤其是谢林的历史哲学的演变并不完全为人所知。总的来看,在其早期的“同一哲学”中,谢林通过以开普勒的星系模型为蓝本,建构了一种思辨同一性的体系,在其中,先验哲学和自然哲学就如椭圆轨道的两个焦点一样构成了这个体系的两个极点,而历史哲学本身仅仅属于先验哲学这个极点。在这个体系里,历史本身由于体系结构被“去历史化”了。这种“去历史化”的代价是自由无法得到真正言说,这就导致了谢林在晚期向言说“宇宙”的历史性哲学的过渡,而这一过渡的内在要求正是自由。The systematic construction of classical German philosophy is always associated with“history”.Generally speaking,the way of constructing system and the way of historical expression are always interre⁃lated,but in the concrete development of German classical philosophy,especially the system constructivists represented by Schelling and Hegel,have different ways of constructing history,especially the evolution of Schelling’s historical philosophy is not completely known.In general,in his early“philosophy of identity”,Schelling constructed a system of discursive homogeneity based on Kepler’s model of galaxies,in which the a priori philosophy and the philosophy of nature constituted the two poles of the system like the two foci of an elliptical orbit,whereas the philosophy of history itself belonged to the pole of the a priori philosophy only.In this system,history itself is“dehistoricized”because of the architecture.The cost of this“dehistoricization”is that freedom cannot be truly spoken,which leads to Schelling’s late transition to a philosophy of history that speaks of the“the universe”,and the inherent requirement of this transition is freedom.

关 键 词：体系 建构 理智直观 自由 谢林 

分 类 号：B516.34[哲学宗教—外国哲学]